Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Ptosis without Miosis |
Ptosis = Drooped eyelid Miosis = Dilated pupil If no miosis then sympathetic supply still intact Causes: Bells palsy, injury, brain carcinoma, cerebral aneurysm |
|
|
Trunk Ataxia |
A loss of coordinated muscle movements for maintaining normal posture Causes: Tumour or foreign body |
|
|
Stridor |
Rasping on inspiration, worse with coughing Causes: foreign body or tumour |
|
|
Third heart sound |
Rare extra heart sound shortly after S1 and S2, due to reduced atrial complence causing filling sound Causes: congestive heart failure |
|
|
Hoover Sign |
Inward movement of lower ribcage during inspiration. Due to hyperinflation - causes diaphragm to flatten and then periodically contract inwards on inspiration |
|
|
5 NB signs of hyperinflation |
Hoover sign Decreased cardiac dullness Displaced liver border Tracheal tug Bronchial breathing |
|
|
Prolonged expiration |
Response to airway obstruction - exert effort to breathe out Causes: acute, asthma, COPD, emphysema, bronchial carcinoma, bronchitis |
|
|
Heaving apex beat |
A sustained and forceful heave caused by an obstruction, increased contact time of the apex with the chest wall
Causes: aortic stenosis, hypertension |
|
|
Tapping apex beat |
Palpable S1 Causes: mitral or (rarely) tricuspid valve stenosis |
|
|
Ankle clonus |
Abnormal ankle reflexes, elicited by dorsiflexion |
|
|
Projectile vomiting |
Causes: raised ICP, gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) |
|
|
Fourth heart sound |
"atrial kick", late diastolic sound, disapears when listening with bell Causes: systemic hypertension, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) |
|
|
Babinski sign |
Indicative of upper motor neuron lesion To elicit: stroke sole of foot from heel upwards in "J", if positive big toe extends and other toes fan out |
|
|
Dysdiadochokinesis |
Inability to preform rapidly alternating pronation and supination of the hand Causes: cerebellar dysfunction |
|
|
Brudzinski sign |
Positive in meningitis To elicit: Flex head, then hips and knees flex to compensate for stiffness |
|
|
Synovial thickening |
Inflammation of synovium causes it to thicken - leads to accumulation of fluid leading to pain and swelling Causes: rheumatoid arthritis |
|
|
Dupuytren contracture |
Visible and palpable thickening and contraction of the palmar fascia causing permanent flexion, most often of the ring finger. Often bilateral and occasionally affects the feet. Pathogenisis - palmar fascia contains abnormally high levels of xanthin Causes: alcoholism (not liver disease), some manual workers, often familial |
|
|
Coin sign |
Diagnostic test for punctured lung To elicit: coin held over suspected are of puncture site, then hit with another coin. If you listen at the back and hear a tinkling sound, test is positive |
|
|
Caput Medusa |
Varicose veins radiating from the umbilicus (appearance of engorged and distended para-umbilical veins) Causes: portal hypertension (decompressed by portal system shunting) |
|
|
Chvostec sign |
Positive in tetany - neurological syndrome characterised by muscle twitches, cramps and carpopedal spasm To elicit: Slight tap just anterior to external auditory meatus excites facial nerve, causing a unilateral spasm of the orbicularis oris or orbis muscles Tetany causes: central and peripheral nervous system irritability causes by low serum levels of ionized calcium, hyperventilation, hypoparathyroidism, rickets and uremia |
|
|
Hairy tongue |
Unusually dark and/or hairy appearance of the tongue. Harmless condition caused by fungus growing on surface of tongue. Associated with: old age, smoking, antibiotics, poor oral hygiene and tooth loss |
|
|
Koplik spots |
Pathognomic for measles Occurs before the skin eruptions on the buccal mucosa. Appear as small red dots with a central bluish white speck. |
|
|
Casal's necklace |
Dermatitis completely or partially surrounding the lower neck. Found in Pallagra (Vit B3 niacin deficiency) |
|
|
Central cyanosis |
Evident when deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood reaches 5g/dl - seen at lips and tongue. Always indicative of underlying disease, cardiac or pumonary. |
|
|
Asbestos exposure |
Leads to lung fibrosis. Usually seen in ship yard or cnstruction workers, plumbers and boiler makers |
|
|
Russet (rusty) sputum |
reddish brown, blood stained expectoration characteristic of lobar pneumococcal pneumonia |
