Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Repression
|
Keeping unwanted thoughts and feelings out of awareness, or unconscious (may involve the loss of memory: major repression, or lapse of memory: minor repression). Secondary repression if what is repressed was once conscious, primary repression if not. Regarded as high-level defense. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Reaction Formation
|
Keeping certain impulses or feelings out of awareness by replacing them in consciousness with an opposite. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Projection
|
Attributing to others unacceptable thoughts and feelings (impulses) that one has but are not conscious. Lower level defense that at its extreme may involve serious distortions of others' feelings, attitudes and behavior, thus diminishing capacity to test reality. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Isolation (of affect)
|
Repression of feelings associated with particular content or of the ideas connected with certain affects. Often accompanied by experiencing the feelings in relationship to a different situation. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Undoing
|
Nullifying or voiding symbolically an unacceptable or guilt-provoking act, thought or feeling, "a psychological erasure." Certain types of confession, expiation, and atonement may be undoing mechanisms. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Regression
|
Return to an earlier developmental phase, level of functioning, or type of behavior in order to avoid the anxieties of the present. Behavior that has been given up recurs. The nature of the regression often is determined by fixation points during the course of development, ie, by places where the person has received too much or too little gratification. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Introjection
|
Psychologically taking another object (person) into the self in order to avoid the direct expression of powerful emotions, thus protecting the object. When the object of the intense feeling is introjected, the feelings are experienced toward the self. Important mechanism in the genesis of many depressive reactions. Closely connected to identification, internalization, and incorporation. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Identification
|
Modeling oneself after another. One takes the values, feelings, attitudes, and characteristics of a loved, admired, feared, or hated person. Crucial to normal personality development. But can be used to ward off anxiety and conflict as with identification with the aggressor. May be accompanied by internalization. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Internalization
|
Like identification, but goes beyond "taking on" characteristics, rather, involved "taking in" another person and making him or her part of the self. Also can be a normal phenomenon. Internalization a more general term (than incorporation and introjection) and is a higher level mechanism. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Turning against the self
|
Turning unacceptable impulses one has toward others toward the self. Reverse of projection and closely related to introjection, but one does not necessarily "take in" the object. Also plays important role in depressive moods and feelings of worthlessness. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Reversal
|
Alteration of a feeling, attitude, train, relation or direction into its opposite. Difficult to distinguish from reaction formation. Reversal is more general and encompasses greater range of behaviors, not just feelings. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Sublimation
|
Converting an impulse from a socially objectionable aim to a socially acceptable one while still retaining the original goal of the impulse. Most mature defense. -Goldstein
|
Anna Freud
|
|
Intellectualization
|
Warding off of unacceptable affects and impulses by thinking about them rather experiencing them directly. Similar to isolation. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Rationalization
|
Use of convincing reasons to justify certain ideas, feelings, or actions so as to avoid recognizing their true underlying motive, which is unacceptable. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Displacement
|
Shifting feelings or conflicts about one person or situation onto another. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Denial
|
Negation or nonacceptance of important aspects of reality or of one's own experience that one may actually perceive. May be of varying degrees and may be present in adaptive as well as severely maladaptive behavior. The more id impinges on one's ability to act appropriately in accord with reality, the more serious it will be in terms of overall personality functioning. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Somatization
|
Intolerable impulses or conflicts are converted into physical symptoms, which become a substitute for the unacceptable feelings or conflicts. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Idealization
|
The overvaluing of another person, place, family, or activity beyond what is realistic. To the degree that idealized figures inspire one or serve as models for identification, idealization can be useful mechanism in personality development and the helping process. Used defensively, can protect from anxiety associated with aggressive or competitive feelings toward a loved or feared person. The dangers are great, as idealized objects are not perceived as whom or what they are. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Compensation
|
Attempt to make up for what one perceives as deficits or deficiencies. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Asceticism
|
Moral renunciation of certain pleasures in order to avoid the anxiety and conflict associated with impulse gratification. Commonly seen in adolescents. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Altruism
|
Obtaining satisfaction through self-sacrificing service to others or through participation in causes as a way of dealing with unacceptable feelings and conflicts. Often utilized by adolescents. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Splitting
|
Keeping apart of two conscious, contradictory feeling states such as love and anger or admiration and disappointment. An individual viewed as all "good" suddenly may be seen as all "bad." Splitting protects the "good" internal and externl objects and the self from aggression. Main defense of borderline individuals. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Projective identification
|
When a person continues to have an impulse, generally an angry one, that at the same time, is projected onto another person, who then is feared as an enemy who must be controlled. Commonly found in borderline individuals and others with severe ego weakness. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Omnipotent control and devaluation
|
Display of an unrealistic, highly inflated sense of self and an exaggerated, depreciated view of others and attempts to control others totally. -Goldstein
|
|
|
Devaluing
|
Minimizing and dismissing with contempt.
|
|
|
Inhibition
|
Constriction of thought or activity to avoid thoughts or activities
that stir anxiety. |
|