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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the name of the synovial joint w/ an articular disk between the clavicle and sternum surrounded by a fibrous capsule?
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sternoclavicular joint
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What makes the only bony attachment of the UE to the trunk?
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sternoclavicular joint
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Which joint usually doesn't have infections except due to drug abuse?
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sternoclavicular joint
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Where does bifurcation of common carotid artery occur?
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at C3 or C4 vertebral level
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What is the spinal level of the angle of the mandible?
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at C3 or C4 vertebral level
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Which a. has no branches in the neck?
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internal carotid artery
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Which aa. carry the bulk of the blood to the brain?
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internal carotid aa., and vertebral aa.
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In which a. are thrombi and plaques usually found?
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internal carotid a.
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Which aa. supply the anterior 2/3 of the brain?
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carotid aa.
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Which a. is not part of the carotid sheath?
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external carotid a.
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What are the branches of the external carotid a.?
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superior thyroid a., ascending pharyngeal a., lingual a., facial a., occipital a., posterior auricular a., maxillary a., superficial temporal a.
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Which a. is superior thyroid a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. is ascending pharyngeal a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. is lingual a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. is facial a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. is occipital a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. is posterior auricular a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. is maxillary a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. is superficial temporal a. a branch of?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. supplies structures in the face and neck?
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external carotid a.
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Which a. supplies the brain?
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internal carotid a.
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What is the primary venous drainage of the brain?
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internal jugular v.
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Which v. begins at the jugular fossa and descends along the carotid a.?
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internal jugular v.
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Which v. joins the subclavian v. to form the brachiocephalic v.?
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internal jugular v.
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Which v. is often used as an IV site when peripheral vv. are unavailable?
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internal jugular v.
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Which v. is lateral to the carotid a.?
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internal jugular v.
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Where do the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct empty?
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jugulosubclavian angle
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Where are the carotid bulb and body located?
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beginning of internal carotid a.
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What does the carotid body do?
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a chemoreceptor that measures O2 and other gas levels
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What does the carotid bulb do?
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baroreceptor that senses blood pressure
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What are the branches of the superior laryngeal n.?
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external and internal superior laryngeal nn.
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Where does the superior laryngeal n. branch into the external and internal superior laryngeal nn.?
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above angle of the mandible
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What is the cervical plexus composed of?
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ventral rami of C1-C4
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Where do the cutaneous nn. of the neck come from?
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loops between C2-C3 and C3-C4 of the cervical plexus
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What innervates the strap mm. of the anterior cervical triangle?
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motor nn. from loops of cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)
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What innervates the geniohyoid m. of the tongue?
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motor nn. from loops of cervical plexus
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What supplies twigs to trapezius, levator scapulae, and middle scalene mm.?
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motor nn. from loops of cervical plexus
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What is the large loop formed from the cervical plexus called?
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ansa cervicalis
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What is the descending (hypoglossal) root of the ansa cervicalis made up of?
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Hypoglossal CN XII and C1
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What is the ascending (cervicals) root of the ansa cervicalis made up of?
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C2 and C3
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What n. supplies parasympathetic innervation to the lungs, heart, and GI tract?
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Vagus CN X
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What n. supplies motor innervation to the larynx?
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Vagus CN X
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Which mm. make up the root of the neck?
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scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, scalenus posterior mm.
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Origin: scalenus anterior m.
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transverse process of adjacent vertebra
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Origin: scalenus medius m.
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transverse process of adjacent vertebra
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Origin: scalenus posterior m.
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transverse process of adjacent vertebra
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Insertion: scalenus anterior m.
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scalene tubercle of 1st rib
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Insertion: scalenus medius m.
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1st rib
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Insertion: scalenus posterior m.
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2nd rib
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Action: scalenus anterior m.
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elevate ribs during respiration; bilaterally stabilize neck
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Action: scalenus medius m.
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elevate ribs during respiration; bilaterally stabilize neck
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Action: scalenus posterior m.
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elevate ribs during respiration; bilaterally stabilize neck
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Innervation: scalenus anterior m.
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twigs from adjacent cervical nn.
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Innervation: scalenus medius m.
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twigs from adjacent cervical nn.
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Innervation: scalenus posterior m.
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twigs from adjacent cervical nn.
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Which subclavian a. is a branch of the aortic arch?
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left
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Which subclavian a. arises from the brachiocephalic trunk?
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right
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Which aa. terminate at the lateral border of the 1st rib to become axillary aa.?
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subclavian aa.
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Which a. runs posterior to the anterior scalene m.?
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subclavian a.
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Which part of the subclavian a. runs medially to the anterior scalene m.?
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1st part
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Which part of the subclavian a. runs posteriorly to the anterior scalene m.?
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2nd part
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Which part of the subclavian a. runs lateral to the anterior scalene m.?
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3rd part
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What part of the subclavian a. is located near the jugulosubclavian angle where the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct meet?
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1st part
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Which part of the subclavian a. is associated w/ the ansa subclavia?
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1st part
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What n. loops around the subclavian a.?
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ansa subclavia
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What connects the middle and inferior cervical ganglia of the sympathetic chain?
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ansa subclavia
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What is the vertebral a. a branch of?
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subclavian a.
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What a. is the thyrocervical trunk a branch of?
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subclavian a.
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What a. is the internal thoracic a. a branch of?
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subclavian a.
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What are the branches of the subclavian a.?
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vertebral a., thryocervical trunk, internal thoracic a.
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What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
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transverse cervical a., suprascapular a., inferior thyroid a.
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What is the transverse cervical a. a branch of?
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thyrocervical trunk
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What is the suprascapular a. a branch of?
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thyrocervical trunk
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What is the inferior thyroid a. a branch of?
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thyrocervical trunk
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What is a branch of the inferior thyroid a.?
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ascending cervical a.
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What is the ascending cervical a. a branch of?
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inferior thryoid a.
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What is another name for the internal thoracic a.?
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internal mammary a.
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Which a. runs through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae of C6 and up?
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vertebral a.
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Which a. has a superficial branch that supplies the trapezius m. and a deep branch that supplies the rhomboid mm.?
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transverse cervical a.
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Which a. runs over the transverse scapular ligament?
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suprascapular a.
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Which a. supplies the lower part of the thyroid gland?
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inferior thyroid a.
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Which a. runs up the cervical spine?
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ascending cervical a.
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What is the branch of the second part of the subclavian a.?
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costocervical trunk
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Which part of the subclavian a. does the costocervical trunk branch from?
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posterior 2nd part
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What are the branches of the costocervical trunk?
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deep cervical a. and highest intercostal a.
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Which a. is the deep cervical a. a branch of?
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costocervical trunk
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What is the highest intercostal a. a branch of?
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costocervical trunk
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Which parts of the subclavian a. lie on the cupula?
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1st and 2nd parts
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Which part of the subclavian a. usually has no branches?
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3rd part
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Which part of the subclavian a. occasionally has a suprascapular or descending scapular a. branch?
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3rd part
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Which a. runs posterior to the anterior scalene m.?
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subclavian a.
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What emerges between the anterior and middle scalene mm.?
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brachial plexus
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What n. runs along the surface of the anterior scalene m. and is pinned to the m. by the transverse cervical and suprascapular aa.?
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phrenic n.
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What aa. pin the phrenic n. to the anterior scalene m.?
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transverse cervical and suprascapular aa.
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Which a. parallels the phrenic n.?
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ascending cervical a.
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Which n. parallels the ascending cervical a.?
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phrenic n.
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Which structures are medial to the phrenic n.?
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Vagus CN X and cervical sympathetic trunk
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The right recurrent laryngeal n. branches off of which n.?
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Vagus CN X
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Which n. supplies the intrinsic mm. of the larynx except for the cricothyroid m.?
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recurrent laryngeal nn.
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Which n. passes anterior to the 1st part of the subclavian a.?
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Vagus CN X
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Which n. loops around the right subclavian a.?
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right recurrent laryngeal n.
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Which n. loops around the aortic arch?
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left recurrent laryngeal n.
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What are the spinal segments of the phrenic n.?
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C3-C5
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What makes up the sympathetic chain in the head and neck region?
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superior cervical ganglion, middle cervical ganglion, inferior cervical ganglion, ansa cervicalis
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Which ganglion is located at the top of the sympathetic chain?
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superior cervical ganglion
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location of postganglionic S cell bodies?
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superior cervical ganglion
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What spinal segments make up the superior cervical ganglion?
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C1-C4
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Which ganglion is located near the vertebral a. at the C6 vertebral level?
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middle cervical ganglion
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What spinal segments make up the middle cervical ganglion?
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C5 and C6
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What ganglion is located near the vertebral a. at the 1st rib?
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inferior cervical ganglion
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What spinal segments make up the inferior cervical ganglion?
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C7 and C8
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What ganglion contains spinal segments C7, C8, and T1?
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stellate ganglion
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What condition results when sympathetic innervation is cut off to the brain?
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Horner's syndrome
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What can cause a lesion of the sympathetic chain in the head/neck region?
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pancoast tumor in cupula of lung
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What is located just inferior to the thyroid cartilage?
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thyroid gland
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What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland?
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isthmus of the thyroid
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What is leftover tissue that is embryologically formed during the descent of the thyroid gland from the base of the tongue
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pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland
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Which aa. supply the thyroid gland?
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superior thyroid a., inferior thyroid a., ima thyroid a.
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What a. does superior thyroid a. branch from?
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external carotid a.
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What a. does the inferior thyroid a. branch from?
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thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian a.)
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Where does the thyroid ima a. branch from?
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aorta
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How common is the thyroid ima a.?
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10% of the population
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What is found on each side of the thyroid gland?
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carotid sheath
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Which vv. drain the thyroid gland?
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superior thyroid v., middle thyroid v., inferior thyroid v.
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What does the superior thyroid v. empty into?
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internal jugular v.
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What does the middle thyroid v. drain into?
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internal jugular v.
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What does the inferior thyroid v. drain into?
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brachiocephalic v.
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What are located posterior to the thyroid gland?
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parathyroid glands
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What are involved in calcium and phosphate metabolism?
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parathyroid glands
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In which procedure is it important to know the location of the aa. supplying the thyroid gland, especially the presence of the thyroid ima a.?
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thryoidectomy
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Which a. is intimately related to the recurrent laryngeal n.?
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inferior thyroid a.
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Which n. is intimately related to the inferior thyroid a.?
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recurrent laryngeal n.
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What n. causes transient hoarseness after thyroid surgery b/c of swelling in its vicinity?
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recurrent laryngeal nn.
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Where is the inferior thyroid a. ligated in order to prevent damage to the recurrent laryngeal n.?
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AWAY from the thyroid gland
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Which nn. travel in the tracheoesophageal groove?
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recurrent laryngeal nn.
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Which nn. cause paralysis of the vocal cord when damaged?
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recurrent laryngeal nn.
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Which a. is very close to the external laryngeal n.?
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superior thyroid a.
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Which n. is very close to the superior thyroid a.?
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external branch of superior laryngeal n.
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The posterior part of the thyroid gland is left intact during a subtotal thyroidectomy because of the close association w/ what?
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parathyroid glands
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In which procedure should one be aware of the inferior thyroid vv.?
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tracheotomy
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Puncturing what vessels can cause excessive bleeding during a tracheotomy?
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inferior thyroid vv.
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What n. was sectioned to treat pulmonary TB in the "old days"?
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phrenic n.
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