Deep Dissection Of The Pelvis

Front 1

what muscle is found superior (i.e. deep) to the perineal membrane?

Back 1

the external urethral sphincter

Front 2

what muscle surrounds the membranous urethra?

Back 2

external urethral sphincter muscles

Front 3

where (in what "space") is the membranous urethra found?

Back 3

in the deep perineal pouch

Front 4

what structures are found on the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra?

Back 4

urethral crest
seminal colliculus
prostatic sinus
prostatic utricle
opening of the ejaculatory duct

Front 5

R: ductus deferens & branches of internal iliac artery

Back 5

ductus passes superior and then medial to the artery

Front 6

R: ductus deferens & ureter

Back 6

deferens crosses superior to the ureter

Front 7

what does the ejaculatory duct empty into?

Back 7

prostatic urethra on the seminal colliculus

Front 8

what part of the bladder contains the internal urethral sphincter?

Back 8

neck

Front 9

what is the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder wall called?

Back 9

detrusor muscle

Front 10

the interior of the rectum is smooth except for what structures?

Back 10

transverse rectal folds

Front 11

branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery

Back 11

umbilical artery (which gives rise to superior vesical arteries)
obturator artery
inferior vesical artery
middle rectal artery
internal pudendal artery
inferior gluteal artery

Front 12

after arising from the umbilical artery, where do the superior vesical arteries go?

Back 12

descend to superolateral aspect of the bladder

Front 13

what does the inferior vesical artery supply?

Back 13

bladder
seminal vesicle
prostate

(note: it is a named branch only in males...in females, it is an unnamed branch of the vaginal artery)

Front 14

how does the internal pudendal artery exit the pelvic cavity?

Back 14

by passing through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle

Front 15

how does the inferior gluteal artery usually pass out of the pelvic cavity?

Back 15

between ventral rami S2 and S3
it usually exits the pelvis by passing through the greater sciatic foramen inferior to the piriformis muscle

Front 16

branches of posterior division of the internal iliac artery

Back 16

iliolumbar artery
lateral sacral artery
superior gluteal artery

Front 17

R: iliolumbar artery & lumbosacral trunk and obturator nerve

Back 17

artery ascends between the two

Front 18

R: lateral sacral artery & sacral ventral rami

Back 18

artery is anterior

Front 19

how does the superior gluteal artery usually exit the pelvic cavity?

Back 19

by passing between the lumbosacral trunk and the ventral ramus of spinal nerve S1

Front 20

what do the prostatic venous, vescial venous, and rectal venous plexi drain into?

Back 20

internal iliac vein

Front 21

what does the deep dorsal vein of the penis empty into?

Back 21

prostatic venous plexus

Front 22

what are the somatic plexi of the pelvic cavity?

Back 22

sacral and coccygeal plexi

Front 23

how are the sacral and coccygeal plexi formed?

Back 23

by contributions of ventral rami of spinal nerves L4 to S4

Front 24

what is the primary visceral nerve plexus of pelvic cavity?

Back 24

inferior hypogastric plexus

Front 25

how is the inferior hypogastric plexus formed?

Back 25

by contributions from the hypogastric nerves
sympathetic trunks
pelvic splanchnic nerves

Front 26

the sacral plexus is closely related to the anterior surface of what muscle?

Back 26

piriformis

Front 27

how does the sciatic nerve usually exit the pelvis?

Back 27

by passing through the greater sciatic foramen, usually inferior to the piriformis

Front 28

what kind of axons do the pelvic splanchnic nerves carry? what is their fxn?

Back 28

preganglionic parasympathetic
for innervation of pelvic organs and the distal gastrointestinal tract (left colic flexure through the anal canal)

Front 29

what is a gray rami communicates?

Back 29

connects the sympathetic ganglia to the sacral ventral rami. each gray ramus communicans carries postganglionic sympathetic fibers to a ventral ramus for distribution to the lower extremity and perineum

Front 30

what are sacral splanchnic nerves?

Back 30

they arise from two or three of the sacral sympathetic ganglia and pass directly to the inferior hypogastric plexus...they carry sympathetic fibers that distribute to the pelvic viscera

Front 31

what forms the superior edge of the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 31

the tendinous arch of the levator ani

Front 32

what are the three muscles of the levator ani?

Back 32

puborectalis
pubococcygeus
iliococcygeus

Front 33

attachments of puborectalis

Back 33

prox: body of pubis
dist: puborectalis muscle of the opposite side

Front 34

which muscle of the levator ani forms the lateral boundary of the urogenital hiatus?

Back 34

puborectalis

Front 35

attachments of the pubococcygeus muscle

Back 35

prox: body of pubis
dist: coccyx and the annococcygeal raphe

Front 36

attachments of iliococcygeus muscle

Back 36

prox: tendinous arch
dist: coccyx and anococcygeal raphe

Front 37

coccygeus muscle attachments

Back 37

prox: ischial spine
dist: lateral border of the coccyx and lowest part of the sacrum

Front 38

what forms the lateral wall of the ischioanal fossa?

Back 38

obturator internus

Front 39

attachments of the obturator internus muscle (prox only)

Back 39

prox: margin of the obturator foramen and inner suface of obturator membrane

Front 40

what is a landmark for access to the rectouterine pouch?

Back 40

posterior fornix of the vagina

Front 41

what is the uterine mucosa called?

Back 41

endometrium

Front 42

what is the thick muscular wall of the uterus called?

Back 42

myometrium

Front 43

what is the peritoneal covering on the surface of the uterus called?

Back 43

perimetrium

Front 44

what are the tissues within the broad ligament called?

Back 44

parametrium

Front 45

what ligament do the ovarian vessels pass through?

Back 45

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Front 46

what changes at the pectinate line?

Back 46

germ layer of origin (ectoderm/endoderm)
innervation (inferior hypogastric above, inferior rectal below)
lymph drainage (internal iliac nodes above, superfical inguinal below)

Front 47

what is the ejaculatory duct?

Back 47

paired structure, it is where the ductus deferens joins the seminal vesicle and enters into prostate

Front 48

what is the path of the ureter? (males)

Back 48

under testicular artery and vein, over iliac artery and vein, then under vas deferens

Front 49

what is the relationship between the superior vesical arteries and the umbilical artery?

Back 49

the superior vesical are branches of the umbilical

Front 50

what does the inferior vesical artery supply?

Back 50

distributed to the fundus of the bladder. In males, it also supplies the prostate and the seminal vesicles.

Front 51

what is the difference between the sacral plexus, pelvic splanchnic nerves, and sacral splanchnic nerves?

Back 51

wsacral plexus is somatic (ventral rami L4-S4); psn are para (ventral rami S2-S4); ssn are symp from the sacral symp ganglia hat pass directly to inferior hypogastric

Front 52

what are the three layers of the uterus?

Back 52

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

Front 53

in what are the vessels of the ovary contained?

Back 53

suspensory ligament of the ovary

Front 54

where can you find the umbilical artery? what is its relationship to the ureter?

Back 54

branch of internal iliac, it is lateral to the ureter

Front 55

what structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen?

Back 55

inferior gluteal nerve
pudendal nerve
sciatic nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Nerve to obturator internus
Nerve to quadratus femoris
inferior gluteal vessels
internal pudendal vessels

Front 56

what do the vesical venous plexus, uterine venous plexus, vaginal venous plexus, and rectal venous plexus all drain into>

Back 56

internal iliac vein

Front 57

what ventral rami does the sciatic nerve arise from? pudendal?

Back 57

L4-S3, S2-S4

Front 58

where do the pelvic splanchnic nerves arise, what type of nerves are they and what do they do?

Back 58

branches of the ventral rami of spinal nerves S2 through S4. Pelvic splanchnic nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic axons for the innervation of pelvic organs and the distal gastrointestinal tract (from the left colic flexure through the anal canal)

Front 59

where do the sacral splanchnic nerves arise, what type of nerves are they and what do they do?

Back 59

arise from two or three of the sacral sympathetic ganglia and pass directly to the inferior hypogastric plexus. Sacral splanchnic nerves carry sympathetic fibers that distribute to the pelvic viscera

Front 60

the inferior rectal artery is a branch of what?

Back 60

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 61

the superior rectal vein is a tributary of what?

Back 61

eventually, the portal vein

Front 62

the middle rectal artery is a branch of what?

Back 62

internal iliac artery

Front 63

path of the testicular artery

Back 63

branch of aorta, passes superior to the ureter, lateral to the external iliacs, to enter the spermatic chord and accompany the ductus etc. to the testicle

Front 64

L: where do the ovaries, fundus of the uterus, testis, and epididymis drain?

Back 64

lumbar nodes

Front 65

what drains into the lumbar lymph nodes?

Back 65

ovaries
uterine tube/fundus of uterus
testis
epidiymis

Front 66

what drains into the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes?

Back 66

superiormost rectum, sigmoid, descending, pararectal nodes

Front 67

what drains into the common iliac nodes?

Back 67

external and internal iliac nodes

Front 68

what drains into the internal iliac nodes?

Back 68

anal canal (above pectinate)
vagina
body of uterus
base of bladder
inferior pelvic ureter
inferior rectum
prostatic urethra
inferior seminal glands etc.

basically: inferior pelvic structures, deep perineal structures, sacral nodes

Front 69

what drains into the external iliac nodes?

Back 69

superior bladder
superior ureter
upper vagina
cervix
lower body of uterus
upper seminal gland pelvic part of ductus deferns
intermediate spongy urethra

anterosuperior pelvic structures

Front 70

what drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Back 70

lower limb
superficial drainage of inferolateral quadrant of trunk (anterior abdominal wall below umbilicus, gluteal region, and superficial perineal structures)

superficial structures around opening of vagina and anus
scrotum
prepuce of penis
anal canal inferior to pectinate line

Front 71

what drains to deep inguinal lymph nodes?

Back 71

glans of clitoris or penis

Front 72

what drains to sacral nodes?

Back 72

posteroinferior pelvic structures: inferior rectum
inferior vagina

Front 73

what lymph nodes do the testis drain to?

Back 73

lateral aortic

Front 74

what lymph nodes does the prostate drain to?

Back 74

internal iliac and sacral

Front 75

what lymph nodes does the ductus deferens drain to?

Back 75

external iliac

Front 76

what lymph nodes do the arteries drain to?

Back 76

lateral aortic