Deception

Front 1

partners are expect to?

Back 1

1) recognize & respect vulnerabilities that come with close relationships
2) be emotionally and behaviorally invested in the relationship and want it to continue
3) interact often & influence other
4) know their partner well

Front 2

attitudes toward honesty in close relationships?

Back 2

considered essential, but not necessarily all the time

Front 3

frequency of lying in close relationships

Back 3

dating lies are frequent (video)

People say they tell fewer lies in close relationships... but more of their "serious" lies are told in close relationships

Should we always tell the truth to close relationship partners?

Front 4

Types of lies in close relationships:
Attributions about lies changes

Back 4

justify behaviors based on relationship.
ex: person is always late. if you know them, you say its because the bus is late. if you dont know them, you say they have bad character.

Front 5

Types of lies in close relationships:
More jointly constructed lies

Back 5

your partner is in on the lie
ex: you are a hoarder and your partner says it is because you like to "collect" things

Front 6

Types of lies in close relationships:
Self deception lies

Back 6

Self-deception is a motivated unawareness of conflicting knowledge in which threatening knowledge is selectively filtered from consciousness as a psychological defense, thereby reducing anxiety and inducing a positive self-bias

Front 7

Types of lies in close relationships:
More repeated/extended lies

Back 7

Lies you have to tell more than once
Ex: you lie about where you were at christmas and say you were at a play, then they ask you how the play was and you have to lie again.

Front 8

Motivation for lying in close relationships

Back 8

Support/protect partner primarily

Support/protect self.. but what helps other may help self

Front 9

Conditions which foster lying

self consequences

Back 9

You can recant later with minimum punishment

Help you as much or more than others

Punishment for truth is as great as that for being caught lying

perceived little liklihood that the lie can be found out (few ways to check it)

You don't care about the consequences (the other already dislike you)

Front 10

Target susceptibility

Back 10

You've gotten away with it before with this person (other is easily duped)

The other person suspects you'll lie to help them.. or wants you to lie to them

Front 11

Self/target

Back 11

Helps other and doesn't hurt you in the long and short term-- you can either tell the truth and the person be upset right there, or you can postpone telling the truth and they will eventually find out the truth and be upset.

Front 12

Lie detection in close relationships:
Closeness can effect greater accuracy

Back 12

If you are close to the person, you know their idiosyncrizes, so it is easier for you to detect the lie.

Front 13

Lie detection in close relationships:
Closeness can effect greater inaccuracy

Back 13

You want the relationship to succeed, so you justify it.
Ex: joint construct lies

Front 14

Lie detection in close relationships:
Ways lies are detected

Back 14

Get info from friends, and you ask other people to see if the information is the same.
It's not really factual information, but information that you find contrary to what you believe is true

Front 15

Advice for people who are in close relationships

Back 15

How will the lie help achieve our short/long range of goals?

Does my partner operate by the same rules? (fairness)

Does my partner know i have his/her best interests at heart.

Front 16

Pathological liar

Back 16

Lying and deception is a frequently occurring & predominant feature of one's personality

Front 17

Qualifier

Back 17

10 disorder, and lying is an important part of 5 of them.

Front 18

Personality disorders:
Dramatic cluster: Anticsocial personality disorder

Back 18

Lack of self-esteem, more men than woman 1 to 4, no remorse, no empathy, no feeling like they have done something wrong, unstable family home, malicious, promisicuos
(Sociopath, psychopath)

Front 19

Personality disorders:
Histronic personality disorder

Back 19

Excessively dramatic and emotion laden, typically woman, magical/fairy tale stories, believe their own stories, deception is to get attention or to use as defense, insecure in relationships, non malicious and non violent.

Front 20

Personality disorders:
Dramatic cluster
Borderline personality disorder

Back 20

Sudden/ intense mood swings, problem with impulse control, mostly female

Front 21

Personality disorders:
Dramatic cluster
Narcissistic personality disorder

Back 21

Preoccupied with him/herself, seek admiration, often to make low self-esteem, self-deceptive, slightly more male

Front 22

Personality disorders:
Anxiety cluster
OCD

Back 22

Obsessed with orderliness rules, matters of right and wrong, failure to see big picture, mostly men.

Front 23

Elements common to pathological liars

Back 23

Family is often dysfunctional
Dont get love and needed attention as child
Often have low self- esteem
Not good at close relationships as adults (avoiding closeness reduces guilt)
Self-oriented (use lies to build self-esteem, or get close with others)
Effective liars

Front 24

Lie detection accuracy:
Most common methods of human lie detection

Back 24

Information from others

Physical evidence

Overheard or reported confession

Front 25

Whistleblower

Back 25

provide information that often triggers a lie detection investigation.
ex: rachel and jill story

Front 26

Detection accuracy

Back 26

Without equipment or knowing the person, the accuracy is usually 50-60% (professional and non-professional)

Front 27

Detection accuracy

Back 27

Detectors may know more than their accuracy rates suggest

Front 28

Veracity effect
"truth bias"

Back 28

because most humans tend to perceive more messages as truthful, there ends up being more accuracy for truthful messages and lower accuracy for deceptive ones.

Front 29

Lie bias

Back 29

Opposite of veracity, often occurs in prisons. They can detect lies better.

Front 30

Biases and stereotypes
Confirmation bias

Back 30

Believe something due to a one-time occurance
ex: someone lied to you one and didnt make eye contact, therefore, you think whenever they tell you something and dont make eye contact, they are lying.

Front 31

Biases and stereotypes
Othello error

Back 31

When a lie detector interprets any behavioral sign as a sign of lying
ex: someone is getting upset, so you think they are lying, but they are really just upset because you are being accused.

Front 32

Biases and stereotypes
Brokaw hazard

Back 32

Fails to acknowledge that a habitual behavior may just be a persons way of communication; not a sign of lying.

Front 33

Why aren't we better at detecting?

Back 33

Evolutionary past didn't prepare us
Our parents didn't teach us
Trust enriches life more than suspicion

Front 34

Why we aren't we better at detecting?

Back 34

Predominantly attend to verbal behavior
Base judgment of single nonverbal cue
Difficulties perceiving while interacting

Front 35

Cognitive biases

Back 35

Truth bias or lie bias

Tendency to believe first, then "unbelieve"

Front 36

Knowledge deficiencies

Back 36

Lack of feedback about accuracy

Limited experience with different kinds of lies

Inadequate social or emotional intelligence

Front 37

Characteristic of the liar or truth teller

Back 37

Culture, appearance, personality

Front 38

Motivations of the lie catcher

Back 38

cognitive laziness
politeness; reluctance to accuse
want to be misled

Front 39

Why aren't professional lie detectors better?

Back 39

high base rate of liars

not as interested in spotting liars as getting evidence to convict

feedback on mistakes is too late and far removed from original judgment to be of much value in learning