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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Assessing JVP can give an indication of... |
volume status of right atrium |
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X descent of JVP represents... |
atrial relaxation (tricuspid valve closed, systole) |
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V wave of JVP represents... |
slow atrial filling (tricuspid valve closed, systole) |
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A wave of JVP is absent with... |
atrial fibrillation (no atrial contraction) |
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A wave of JVP is increased with... |
tricuspid stenosis or decreased RV compliance |
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V wave of JVP is increased with... |
tricuspid regurgitation (volume overload), constrictive pericarditis (restricted atrial filling) |
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Quality of arterial pulses in aortic stenosis |
weak, delayed, monophasic (pulsus parvus et tardus) |
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Quality of arterial pulses in aortic regurgitation |
sharp upstroke, rapid downstroke, may be biphasic |
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Pulsus alternans |
beat-to-beat variability in amplitude, left ventricular failure |
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Pulsus paradoxus |
>10 mmHg drop in BP with inspiration, pericardial tamponade |
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Thrill |
palpable murmur (grade 4-6) |
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Parasternal heave/lift |
abnormal = right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Apical impulse is made easier to palpate by placing patient in ____ position. |
left lateral decubitus |
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Louder S1 is an indication of... |
hyperdynamic state (fever, exercise), mitral stenosis |
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Softer S1 is an indication of... |
heart failure |
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Split S1 is an indication of... |
RBBB, normal in children, variability, atrial fibrillation, complete/3rd degree heart block |
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Wide splitting of S2 is an indication of... |
RBBB, pulmonic stenosis |
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Fixed splitting of S2 is an indication of... |
ASD |
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Paradoxical splitting of S2 is an indication of... |
aortic stenosis (increased LV afterload), LBBB (LV conduction delay) |
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S3 is heard in... |
dilated hearts - volume overload that rapidly fills the ventricle during diastole |
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S4 is heard in... |
hearts that are thickened d/t increased muscle development to compensate for an increased afterload |
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When is S4 heard? |
end of diastole |
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What causes ejection sounds? |
blood turbulence across valves or through the aorta/pulmonary artery |
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In what conditions can an opening snap be heard? |
mitral or tricuspid stenosis |
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Grade ____ murmurs have a palpable thrill. |
4-6 |
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Ejection (crescendo/decrescendo) murmur heard in... |
aortic stenosis, aortic sclerosis, pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy |
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What cases a pan/holosystolic murmur? |
constant intensity d/t large pressure gradient between chambers |
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Pan/holosystolic murmur can be heard in... |
mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, VSD |
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Diastolic murmurs are ____ pathologic. |
always |
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Continuous murmur seen in |
PDA, constant flow of blood from aorta |
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Pericardial friction rub nearly 100% specific for... |
acute pericarditis |
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How can a pericardial friction rub be heard better? |
Have patient lean forward and hold his breath |
