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198 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The "Exodusters" westward move to Kansas faltered when
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Steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi
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The white South viewed the Freedman's Bureau as
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a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance
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The main purpose of the Black Codes was to
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ensure a stable labor supply
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Southerners who were considered traitors to the South by supporting Northern causes and profiting from political influence were known as
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Scalaways
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The "Invisible Empire of the South" or the ____ was a secret society founded in Tennessee in 1866
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Ku Klux Klan
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In the 1866 congressional elections
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voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction
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A Northerner who went to the South after the Civil War to profiteer from unsettled social and political conditions was know as a
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Carpet bagger
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As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as
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A champion of the poor whites
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The 15th Amendment guaranteed
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Black males had the right to vote
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____ was a Radical Republican leader in Congress from Pennsylvania
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Thaddeus Stevens
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Heavyweight New York politician boss whose widespread fraud landed him in jail in 1871
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Boss Tweed
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Bold and unprincipled financier whose plot to corner the U.S. gold market nearly succeeded in 1869
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Jim Fisk
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Winner of the contested 1876 election
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Rutherford Hayes
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Great military leader whose presidency foundered in corruption and political ineptitude
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Ulysses S. Grant
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Eloquent young congressman from Nebraska who became the most prominent advocate of "free silver" in the early 1890s
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William Jennings Bryan
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Leader of the "Stalwart" faction of Republicans from New York
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Roscoe Conkling
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First democratic president since the Civil War
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Grover Cleveland
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Wealthy banker whose secret bailout of the federal government in 1895 aroused fierce public anger
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J.P. Morgan
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Colorful, eccentric newspaper editor who carried the Liberal Republican and Democratic banners against Grant in 1872
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Horace Greely
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Charming but corrupt "Half-Breed" Republican senator and presidential nominee in 1884
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James Blaine
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During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons
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Built their railroads with government assistance
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Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called
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Pools
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The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of
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Henry Bessemer
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The only transcontinental railroad built without government assistance was the
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Great Northern
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The first major product of the oil industry was
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Kerosene
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The South's major attraction for potential investors was
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Cheap labor
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____ was the most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period
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American Federal of Labor
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The first trancontinental railroad was completed by the construction efforts of the ____ and ____ railroads.
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Union Pacific and Central Pacific
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____ was instrumental in the invention of the mimeograph machine and the motion picture
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Thomas Edison
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The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented
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An independent and athletic "new woman"
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The new cities' glittering consumer economy was symbolized especially by the rise of
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Retail sale
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Most Italien immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape
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The poverty and slow modernization of southern Italy
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A ____ was an immigrant who came to America to work for a short time and then return to Europe
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Bird of passage
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Countries from which many of the "New Immigrants" came included
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Poland and Italy
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The phrase "Social Gospel" refers to
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The efforts of some Christian reformers to apply their religious beliefs to new social problems
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That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of
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W.E.B. DuBois
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The ____ of 1862 granted public lands to states to support higher education
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Morrill Act
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Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
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Cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible
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The Comstock Law was intended to advance the cause of
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Sexual purity
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The early settlement house workers, such as Jane Adams and Florence Kelley, helped to blaze the professional trail for
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Social workers
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The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender
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By the virtual extermination of the buffalo
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The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian
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Assimilation
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The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Ghost Dance in 1890 resulted in the Battle of
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Wounded Knee
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A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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The Homestead Act assumed that public land would be administered in such a was as to
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Promote frontier settlement
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"Sooner's" were settlers who "jumped the gun" to claim land in
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Oklahoma
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The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were
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Abilene, KS; Ogallala, NE; and Cheyenne, WY
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The real "safety valve" in the late 19th century was
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The western city
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The first major farmers' organization was the
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National Grange
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____ was an eloquent Kansas Populist who urged farmers to "raise less corn and more hell"
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Mary Elizabeth Lease
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Alfred Thayer Mahan promoted American overseas expansions by
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Arguing that sea power was the key to world domination
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Even after the Maine exploded, the United States was slow to declare war on Cuba because
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President McKinley was reluctant to get into a war
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The ____ guaranteed the independence of Cuba
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Teller Amendment
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____ was the leader of Filipino insurgents against Spanish rule
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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The largest cause of American deaths in Cuba was
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Bad food, disease, and unsanitary conditions
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The question of the annexation of ____ touched off the first major imperialistic debate in American history
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Hawaii
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During the Spanish Amrican, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of
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Santiago
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True/False: The Hearst press worked to promote a peaceful, negotiated settlement involving Cuban self-government under Spanish rule
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False
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True/False: The United States gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the Platt Amendment
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True
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What term describes the tactic used by the United States to achieve global power
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imperialism
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Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they
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Feared Chinese markets would be monopolized by European manufacturers and exporters
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In 1899, an insurrection began in the Philippines because
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The U.S. refused to give the Filipino people their freedom
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China's ____ was an attempt to throw out or kill all foreigners
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Boxer Rebellion
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Just before his nomination for vice president on the Republican ticket in 1900, Theodore Roosevelt served as
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Governor of New York
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Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by
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A desire to improve the defense of the United States
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In the ____ the United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone
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Hay-Bunau Vanila Treaty
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Name two difficulties encountered by the United States in building the Panama Canal
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Yellow fever and labor troubles
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Teddy Roosevelt promoted the "Bad Neighbor" policy primarily by
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adding the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
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The ____ the Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese cause Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racist school by the San Francisco School Board
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Gentlemans Agreement
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In the ____ of 1908, the United States and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific
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Root-Takahira Agreement
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Politically inept inheritor of the Roosevelt legacy who ended up allied to the reactionary Republican "Old Guard"
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William H. Taft
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Case that held protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness
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Muller V. Oregon
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NY city disaster the understood urban workers' need for government protection
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire
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The most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912
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Robert La Follette
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Author of "How the Other Half Lives"
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Jacob Riis
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Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Stanard Oil Company's abuse of power
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Ida Tarbell
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Pro-conservative federal official whose dismissal by Taft angered Roosevelt progressives
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Gifford Pinchot
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Dangerous labor conflict resolved by Rooseveltian negotiation and threats against business people
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Anthracite Coal strike
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Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in many American cities
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Lincoln Steffens
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Progressive law aimed at curbing practices like those exposed in Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"
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Meat Inspection Act
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Progressive measure that required U.S. Senators to be elected directly by the people rather than by state legislatures
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17th Amendment
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Supreme Court ruling that overturned a progressive lan mandating a ten hour workday
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Lochner v. New York
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Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
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Favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship
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As governor of ____, Woodrow Wilson established a record as a passionate reformer
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New Jersey
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According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was
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Progressivism
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____ was the Socialist candidate in the 1912 election
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Eugene V. Debs
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Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the ____ "labor's Magna Carter"
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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Before his term ended, Woodrow Wilson had ordered American troops to intervene in
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Mexico
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President Wilson insisted that he would hold ____ to "strict accountability" for ____
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Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare
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In the ____, Germany promised not to sink passenger ships without warning
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Sussex Pledge
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Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by
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Victoriano Huerta
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The first Jew to sit on the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was
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Louis Brandeis
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The Zimmerman note involved a proposed secret agreement between ____ and ____
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Germany and Mexico
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Most of the money raised to finance the World War I came from
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Loans
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The first significant engagement of American troops in a European battle in American history came in the spring of 1918 at
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Chateau-Thierry
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The Germans were eventually demoralized by
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The United States troop reserves
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The ____ seized control of Russia during the Great War
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Bolsheviks
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The major weakness of the League of Nations was that it
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Did not include the United States
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____ was the head of the War Industries Board
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Bernard Buruch
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____ was the head of the Food Administration during the war
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Herbert Hoover
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Woodrow Wilson's ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference was to
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Establish the League of Nations
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Wilson's post war plan for Europe was known as his
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14 Points
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Mechanical genius and organizer of the mass-produced automobile industry
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Henry Ford
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Author of a new interpretation on Christ
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Bruce Barton
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Innovative writer whose novels reflected the disillusionment of many Americans with propaganda and idealism
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Ernest Hemingway
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Top gangster in the 1920's
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Al Capone
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Father of progressive education
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Johen Dewey
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Italien American anarchists whose trail and execution aroused widespread protests
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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U.S. Attorney General who rounded up thousands of alleged Bolsheviks in the red scare
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A. Mitchell Palmer
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The "poet laureate" of Harlem and author of "The Weary Blues"
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Langston Hughes
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Viennese psychologist whose writings were interpreted by Americans as a call for sexual liberation and gratification
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Sigmund Freud
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Minnesota born writer and author of "This Side of Paradise"
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
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"Bad Boy of Baltimore" who criticized the narrow and hypocritical values of American society
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H.L. Mencken
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Led the fight against evolution in the Scopes trial
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William Jennings Bryan
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U.S. treasury secretary who tried to promote business investment by reducing taxes on the rich
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Andrew Mellon
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Aviation pioneer and cultural hero of the 1920s
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Charles Lindbergh
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Jamaican born leader who enhanced African American pride despite his failed migration plans
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Marcus Garvey
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____ was considered one of the "worst minds" of President Harding's cabinet
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Albert B. Fall
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During Coolidge's presidency, government policy was set largely by the interests and values of
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The business community
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The 1932 ____ declared that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved by force of arms
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Stimson Doctrine
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The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry
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The major political scandal of Harding's administration resulted in the conviction and imprisonment of his secretary of
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The interior
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____ was set up by the Hoover administration to bring the government into the anti-depression effort
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Reconstruction Finance Corporation
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One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was
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Overproduction
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____ was adversely affected by the domobilization policies adopted by the federal government at the end of WWII
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Organized labor
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____ dismissed the Bonus Army as a special interest lobby and refused to deal with them in the sumer of 1932
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Herbert Hoover
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The Teapot Dome scandal involved the mishandling of
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Naval oil reserves
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According to the book, ____ bowed out of the 1928 presidential race when he announced, "I do not choose to run."
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Calvin Coolidge
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In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by
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Experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform
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The ____ Act created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual band deposits
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Glass-Steagall
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____ was a New Deal critic who promoted the slogan "every man a king"
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Huey Long
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____ was a New Deal critic who promoted the idea of an old age pension
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Francis Townsend
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The ____ proposed to solve the "farm problem" by reducing agricultural production
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Agricultural Adjustment Act
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FDR's "court-packing" scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court
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More sympathetic to New Deal programs
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The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its plans concering
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Electrical power
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The "champion of the disposed" - that is, the poor and minorities - in the 1930s was
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Eleanor Roosevelt
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Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to
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California
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The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following:
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unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, and support for the blind and physically handicapped
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Franklin Roosevelt refused to support the ____ because he was unwilling to sacrifice the possibility of domestic recovery for the sake of international cooperation
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London Economic Conference
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As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President F. Roosevelt
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Withdrew American marines from Haiti
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The 1934 ____ increased America's foreign trade
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Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
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From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence:
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Embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease
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Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quarantine Speech" resulted in
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A wave of protests by isolationists
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The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was
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Poland
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In 1938 the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of
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Czechoslovakia
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The Atlantic Charter, developed by the United States and Britain, was also endorsed by
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Soviet Union
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Japan believed it was forced into war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan
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Leave China
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The Republican Presidential nominee in 1940 was
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Wendell Wilkie
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In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of
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"Island hopping" across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds
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____ was the wartime agency responsible for assigning priorities with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation facilities
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War Production Board
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The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of
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Coral Sea
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The minority group most adversely affected by Washington's wartime policies was
|
Japanese Americans
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|
The Potsdam Conference
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Issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed
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The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General
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Eisenhower
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Once at war, America's first great challenge was to
|
Retool its industry for all-out war production
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The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following in the Battle of
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Midway
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The main reason the majority of women war workers left the labor force at the end of WWII was
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Family obligations
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Hitler's advance in the European theatre of war created in late 1942 at the Battle of ____, after which his fortunes gradually declined
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Stalingrad
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The ____ delivered a major blow to labor by outlawing the "closed" (all union) shops
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Taft Hartley Act
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The post-WWII prosperity in the U.S. was most beneficial to
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Women
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Much of the Sunbelt's new prosperity was based on its
|
Tremendous influx of money from the federal government
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The huge "baby boom" crested in the ____ and has been declining ever since
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Late 1950s
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The responsibility for starting the Cold War rests with the ____ and ____
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United States and Soviet Union
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Soviet specialist George Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of
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The Containment Doctrine
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____ was a postwar American program to aid underdeveloped nations of Latin America, Asia, and Africa
|
Point Four
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The Marshall Plan finally passed Congress largely because it was perceived there as
|
Anticommunist
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In an effort to detect communists within the government, President Truman established the
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Loyalty Review Board
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President Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when
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MacArthur began to take issues publicly with presidential policies
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During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would ____ to help end the Korean War
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Personally go to Korea
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Among anitcommunists in the government, ____ was the one who most damaged free speech
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Joseph McCarthy
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In the epocal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Sumpreme Court
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Declared that the concept of "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional
|
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President's Eisenhower's attitude toward racial justice can best be described as
|
Not inclined toward promoting integration
|
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The largest public works project during Eisenhower's presidency was construction of
|
The highway
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The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since WWI was
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Ho Chi Minh
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In 1956 the United States condemned ____ and ____ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis
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Britain and France
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The affluent life-style developed in America during the 1950s was stimulated mainly by
|
The new technology of television
|
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____ revolutionized popular music in the 1950s
|
Evlis Presley
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In her book ____, Betty Friedan discusses the stifling boredom of suburban housewifery
|
Feminine Mystique
|
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The 1962 Trade Expansion Act
|
Reduced American tariffs
|
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The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve the level of economic well-being in
|
Latin America
|
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In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on
|
Peaceful coexistence
|
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____ led the official government investigation of John F. Kennedy's assassination
|
Earl Warren
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President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the
|
Great Society
|
|
All of the following programs were created by Johnson administration except
|
Peace Corp
|
|
____ outlawed the use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South
|
24th Amendment
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By 1972, integrated classrooms were most common in the
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South
|
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____ was the code name for American bombing raids on North Vietnam
|
Operation Rolling Thunder
|
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The third party candidate for presidential in 1968 was
|
George Wallace
|
|
President Nixon's chief foreign policy advisor was
|
Henry Kissinger
|
|
Nixon's policy of detente
|
Ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and China and the Soviet Union
|
|
The 1973 War Powers Act
|
Required the president to report to Congress any commitment of American troops
|
|
The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations
|
Pledged signatories to guarantee certain basic human rights
|
|
Vice President ____ was forced to resign in 1973 after being accused of accepting bribes
|
Spiro Agnew
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American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing
|
Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota
|
|
____ was passed by Congress in 1972 to prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity
|
Title IX
|
|
The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was
|
Human rights
|
|
The ____, published in 1971, exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War
|
Pentagon Papers
|
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The ____ Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States dies in the Senate when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan
|
Salt II
|