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198 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The "Exodusters" westward move to Kansas faltered when
Steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi
The white South viewed the Freedman's Bureau as
a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance
The main purpose of the Black Codes was to
ensure a stable labor supply
Southerners who were considered traitors to the South by supporting Northern causes and profiting from political influence were known as
Scalaways
The "Invisible Empire of the South" or the ____ was a secret society founded in Tennessee in 1866
Ku Klux Klan
In the 1866 congressional elections
voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction
A Northerner who went to the South after the Civil War to profiteer from unsettled social and political conditions was know as a
Carpet bagger
As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as
A champion of the poor whites
The 15th Amendment guaranteed
Black males had the right to vote
____ was a Radical Republican leader in Congress from Pennsylvania
Thaddeus Stevens
Heavyweight New York politician boss whose widespread fraud landed him in jail in 1871
Boss Tweed
Bold and unprincipled financier whose plot to corner the U.S. gold market nearly succeeded in 1869
Jim Fisk
Winner of the contested 1876 election
Rutherford Hayes
Great military leader whose presidency foundered in corruption and political ineptitude
Ulysses S. Grant
Eloquent young congressman from Nebraska who became the most prominent advocate of "free silver" in the early 1890s
William Jennings Bryan
Leader of the "Stalwart" faction of Republicans from New York
Roscoe Conkling
First democratic president since the Civil War
Grover Cleveland
Wealthy banker whose secret bailout of the federal government in 1895 aroused fierce public anger
J.P. Morgan
Colorful, eccentric newspaper editor who carried the Liberal Republican and Democratic banners against Grant in 1872
Horace Greely
Charming but corrupt "Half-Breed" Republican senator and presidential nominee in 1884
James Blaine
During the Gilded Age, most of the railroad barons
Built their railroads with government assistance
Agreements between railroad corporations to divide the business in a given area and share the profits were called
Pools
The steel industry owed much to the inventive genius of
Henry Bessemer
The only transcontinental railroad built without government assistance was the
Great Northern
The first major product of the oil industry was
Kerosene
The South's major attraction for potential investors was
Cheap labor
____ was the most effective and most enduring labor union of the post-Civil War period
American Federal of Labor
The first trancontinental railroad was completed by the construction efforts of the ____ and ____ railroads.
Union Pacific and Central Pacific
____ was instrumental in the invention of the mimeograph machine and the motion picture
Thomas Edison
The image of the "Gibson Girl" represented
An independent and athletic "new woman"
The new cities' glittering consumer economy was symbolized especially by the rise of
Retail sale
Most Italien immigrants to the United States between 1880 and 1920 came to escape
The poverty and slow modernization of southern Italy
A ____ was an immigrant who came to America to work for a short time and then return to Europe
Bird of passage
Countries from which many of the "New Immigrants" came included
Poland and Italy
The phrase "Social Gospel" refers to
The efforts of some Christian reformers to apply their religious beliefs to new social problems
That a "talented tenth" of American blacks should lead the race to full social and political equality with whites was the view of
W.E.B. DuBois
The ____ of 1862 granted public lands to states to support higher education
Morrill Act
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
Cast serious doubt on a literal interpretation of the Bible
The Comstock Law was intended to advance the cause of
Sexual purity
The early settlement house workers, such as Jane Adams and Florence Kelley, helped to blaze the professional trail for
Social workers
The Plains Indians were finally forced to surrender
By the virtual extermination of the buffalo
The Dawes Severalty Act was designed to promote Indian
Assimilation
The United States government's outlawing of the Indian Ghost Dance in 1890 resulted in the Battle of
Wounded Knee
A Century of Dishonor (1881), which chronicled the dismal history of Indian-white relations, was authored by
Helen Hunt Jackson
The Homestead Act assumed that public land would be administered in such a was as to
Promote frontier settlement
"Sooner's" were settlers who "jumped the gun" to claim land in
Oklahoma
The wild frontier towns where the three major cattle trails from Texas ended were
Abilene, KS; Ogallala, NE; and Cheyenne, WY
The real "safety valve" in the late 19th century was
The western city
The first major farmers' organization was the
National Grange
____ was an eloquent Kansas Populist who urged farmers to "raise less corn and more hell"
Mary Elizabeth Lease
Alfred Thayer Mahan promoted American overseas expansions by
Arguing that sea power was the key to world domination
Even after the Maine exploded, the United States was slow to declare war on Cuba because
President McKinley was reluctant to get into a war
The ____ guaranteed the independence of Cuba
Teller Amendment
____ was the leader of Filipino insurgents against Spanish rule
Emilio Aguinaldo
The largest cause of American deaths in Cuba was
Bad food, disease, and unsanitary conditions
The question of the annexation of ____ touched off the first major imperialistic debate in American history
Hawaii
During the Spanish Amrican, the entire Spanish fleet was destroyed at the Battle of
Santiago
True/False: The Hearst press worked to promote a peaceful, negotiated settlement involving Cuban self-government under Spanish rule
False
True/False: The United States gained a virtual right of intervention in Cuba in the Platt Amendment
True
What term describes the tactic used by the United States to achieve global power
imperialism
Many Americans became concerned about the increasing foreign intervention in China because they
Feared Chinese markets would be monopolized by European manufacturers and exporters
In 1899, an insurrection began in the Philippines because
The U.S. refused to give the Filipino people their freedom
China's ____ was an attempt to throw out or kill all foreigners
Boxer Rebellion
Just before his nomination for vice president on the Republican ticket in 1900, Theodore Roosevelt served as
Governor of New York
Construction of an isthmian canal was motivated mainly by
A desire to improve the defense of the United States
In the ____ the United States gained a perpetual lease on the Panama Canal Zone
Hay-Bunau Vanila Treaty
Name two difficulties encountered by the United States in building the Panama Canal
Yellow fever and labor troubles
Teddy Roosevelt promoted the "Bad Neighbor" policy primarily by
adding the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
The ____ the Teddy Roosevelt worked out with the Japanese cause Japan to halt the flow of laborers to America in return for the repeal of a racist school by the San Francisco School Board
Gentlemans Agreement
In the ____ of 1908, the United States and Japan agreed to respect each other's territorial holdings in the Pacific
Root-Takahira Agreement
Politically inept inheritor of the Roosevelt legacy who ended up allied to the reactionary Republican "Old Guard"
William H. Taft
Case that held protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness
Muller V. Oregon
NY city disaster the understood urban workers' need for government protection
Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire
The most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912
Robert La Follette
Author of "How the Other Half Lives"
Jacob Riis
Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Stanard Oil Company's abuse of power
Ida Tarbell
Pro-conservative federal official whose dismissal by Taft angered Roosevelt progressives
Gifford Pinchot
Dangerous labor conflict resolved by Rooseveltian negotiation and threats against business people
Anthracite Coal strike
Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in many American cities
Lincoln Steffens
Progressive law aimed at curbing practices like those exposed in Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"
Meat Inspection Act
Progressive measure that required U.S. Senators to be elected directly by the people rather than by state legislatures
17th Amendment
Supreme Court ruling that overturned a progressive lan mandating a ten hour workday
Lochner v. New York
Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
Favored small enterprise and entrepreneurship
As governor of ____, Woodrow Wilson established a record as a passionate reformer
New Jersey
According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was
Progressivism
____ was the Socialist candidate in the 1912 election
Eugene V. Debs
Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the ____ "labor's Magna Carter"
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Before his term ended, Woodrow Wilson had ordered American troops to intervene in
Mexico
President Wilson insisted that he would hold ____ to "strict accountability" for ____
Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare
In the ____, Germany promised not to sink passenger ships without warning
Sussex Pledge
Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by
Victoriano Huerta
The first Jew to sit on the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was
Louis Brandeis
The Zimmerman note involved a proposed secret agreement between ____ and ____
Germany and Mexico
Most of the money raised to finance the World War I came from
Loans
The first significant engagement of American troops in a European battle in American history came in the spring of 1918 at
Chateau-Thierry
The Germans were eventually demoralized by
The United States troop reserves
The ____ seized control of Russia during the Great War
Bolsheviks
The major weakness of the League of Nations was that it
Did not include the United States
____ was the head of the War Industries Board
Bernard Buruch
____ was the head of the Food Administration during the war
Herbert Hoover
Woodrow Wilson's ultimate goal at the Paris Peace Conference was to
Establish the League of Nations
Wilson's post war plan for Europe was known as his
14 Points
Mechanical genius and organizer of the mass-produced automobile industry
Henry Ford
Author of a new interpretation on Christ
Bruce Barton
Innovative writer whose novels reflected the disillusionment of many Americans with propaganda and idealism
Ernest Hemingway
Top gangster in the 1920's
Al Capone
Father of progressive education
Johen Dewey
Italien American anarchists whose trail and execution aroused widespread protests
Sacco and Vanzetti
U.S. Attorney General who rounded up thousands of alleged Bolsheviks in the red scare
A. Mitchell Palmer
The "poet laureate" of Harlem and author of "The Weary Blues"
Langston Hughes
Viennese psychologist whose writings were interpreted by Americans as a call for sexual liberation and gratification
Sigmund Freud
Minnesota born writer and author of "This Side of Paradise"
F. Scott Fitzgerald
"Bad Boy of Baltimore" who criticized the narrow and hypocritical values of American society
H.L. Mencken
Led the fight against evolution in the Scopes trial
William Jennings Bryan
U.S. treasury secretary who tried to promote business investment by reducing taxes on the rich
Andrew Mellon
Aviation pioneer and cultural hero of the 1920s
Charles Lindbergh
Jamaican born leader who enhanced African American pride despite his failed migration plans
Marcus Garvey
____ was considered one of the "worst minds" of President Harding's cabinet
Albert B. Fall
During Coolidge's presidency, government policy was set largely by the interests and values of
The business community
The 1932 ____ declared that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved by force of arms
Stimson Doctrine
The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact
Outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry
The major political scandal of Harding's administration resulted in the conviction and imprisonment of his secretary of
The interior
____ was set up by the Hoover administration to bring the government into the anti-depression effort
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was
Overproduction
____ was adversely affected by the domobilization policies adopted by the federal government at the end of WWII
Organized labor
____ dismissed the Bonus Army as a special interest lobby and refused to deal with them in the sumer of 1932
Herbert Hoover
The Teapot Dome scandal involved the mishandling of
Naval oil reserves
According to the book, ____ bowed out of the 1928 presidential race when he announced, "I do not choose to run."
Calvin Coolidge
In 1932 Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by
Experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform
The ____ Act created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual band deposits
Glass-Steagall
____ was a New Deal critic who promoted the slogan "every man a king"
Huey Long
____ was a New Deal critic who promoted the idea of an old age pension
Francis Townsend
The ____ proposed to solve the "farm problem" by reducing agricultural production
Agricultural Adjustment Act
FDR's "court-packing" scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court
More sympathetic to New Deal programs
The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its plans concering
Electrical power
The "champion of the disposed" - that is, the poor and minorities - in the 1930s was
Eleanor Roosevelt
Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to
California
The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following:
unemployment insurance, old-age pensions, and support for the blind and physically handicapped
Franklin Roosevelt refused to support the ____ because he was unwilling to sacrifice the possibility of domestic recovery for the sake of international cooperation
London Economic Conference
As part of his Good Neighbor policy toward Latin America, President F. Roosevelt
Withdrew American marines from Haiti
The 1934 ____ increased America's foreign trade
Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
From 1925 to 1940 the transition of American policy on arms sales to warring nations followed this sequence:
Embargo to cash-and-carry to lend-lease
Franklin Roosevelt's sensational "Quarantine Speech" resulted in
A wave of protests by isolationists
The first casualty of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin nonaggression treaty was
Poland
In 1938 the British and French bought peace with Hitler at the Munich Conference at the expense of
Czechoslovakia
The Atlantic Charter, developed by the United States and Britain, was also endorsed by
Soviet Union
Japan believed it was forced into war with the United States because Franklin Roosevelt insisted that Japan
Leave China
The Republican Presidential nominee in 1940 was
Wendell Wilkie
In waging war against Japan, the United States relied mainly on a strategy of
"Island hopping" across the South Pacific while bypassing Japanese strongholds
____ was the wartime agency responsible for assigning priorities with respect to the use of raw materials and transportation facilities
War Production Board
The first naval battle in history in which all the fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft was the Battle of
Coral Sea
The minority group most adversely affected by Washington's wartime policies was
Japanese Americans
The Potsdam Conference
Issued an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or be destroyed
The cross-channel invasion of Normandy to open a second front in Europe was commanded by General
Eisenhower
Once at war, America's first great challenge was to
Retool its industry for all-out war production
The tide of Japanese conquest in the Pacific was turned following in the Battle of
Midway
The main reason the majority of women war workers left the labor force at the end of WWII was
Family obligations
Hitler's advance in the European theatre of war created in late 1942 at the Battle of ____, after which his fortunes gradually declined
Stalingrad
The ____ delivered a major blow to labor by outlawing the "closed" (all union) shops
Taft Hartley Act
The post-WWII prosperity in the U.S. was most beneficial to
Women
Much of the Sunbelt's new prosperity was based on its
Tremendous influx of money from the federal government
The huge "baby boom" crested in the ____ and has been declining ever since
Late 1950s
The responsibility for starting the Cold War rests with the ____ and ____
United States and Soviet Union
Soviet specialist George Kennan framed a coherent approach for America in the Cold War by advising a policy of
The Containment Doctrine
____ was a postwar American program to aid underdeveloped nations of Latin America, Asia, and Africa
Point Four
The Marshall Plan finally passed Congress largely because it was perceived there as
Anticommunist
In an effort to detect communists within the government, President Truman established the
Loyalty Review Board
President Truman relieved General Douglas MacArthur from command of United Nations troops in Korea when
MacArthur began to take issues publicly with presidential policies
During the 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower declared that he would ____ to help end the Korean War
Personally go to Korea
Among anitcommunists in the government, ____ was the one who most damaged free speech
Joseph McCarthy
In the epocal 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Sumpreme Court
Declared that the concept of "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites was unconstitutional
President's Eisenhower's attitude toward racial justice can best be described as
Not inclined toward promoting integration
The largest public works project during Eisenhower's presidency was construction of
The highway
The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam since WWI was
Ho Chi Minh
In 1956 the United States condemned ____ and ____ as the aggressors in the Suez Canal crisis
Britain and France
The affluent life-style developed in America during the 1950s was stimulated mainly by
The new technology of television
____ revolutionized popular music in the 1950s
Evlis Presley
In her book ____, Betty Friedan discusses the stifling boredom of suburban housewifery
Feminine Mystique
The 1962 Trade Expansion Act
Reduced American tariffs
The Alliance for Progress was intended to improve the level of economic well-being in
Latin America
In a speech at American University in 1963, President Kennedy recommended the adoption of a policy toward the Soviet Union based on
Peaceful coexistence
____ led the official government investigation of John F. Kennedy's assassination
Earl Warren
President Johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the
Great Society
All of the following programs were created by Johnson administration except
Peace Corp
____ outlawed the use of poll taxes to inhibit black voters in the South
24th Amendment
By 1972, integrated classrooms were most common in the
South
____ was the code name for American bombing raids on North Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder
The third party candidate for presidential in 1968 was
George Wallace
President Nixon's chief foreign policy advisor was
Henry Kissinger
Nixon's policy of detente
Ushered in an era of relaxed tensions between the United States and China and the Soviet Union
The 1973 War Powers Act
Required the president to report to Congress any commitment of American troops
The Helsinki accords, signed by Gerald Ford and leaders of thirty-four other nations
Pledged signatories to guarantee certain basic human rights
Vice President ____ was forced to resign in 1973 after being accused of accepting bribes
Spiro Agnew
American Indian activists brought attention to their cause in the 1970s by seizing
Alcatraz Island and Wounded Knee, South Dakota
____ was passed by Congress in 1972 to prohibit sex discrimination in any federally funded education program or activity
Title IX
The guiding principle of President Carter's foreign policy was
Human rights
The ____, published in 1971, exposed the deception that had led the United States into the Vietnam War
Pentagon Papers
The ____ Treaty between the Soviet Union and the United States dies in the Senate when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan
Salt II