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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nat Turners Revolt
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THe revolt led the South to tighten up on what Blacks could and could not do. They could not be taught to read nor write.
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Slave Ownership
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Planters in the 1850's could expect an annual return of 8%-10% on capital invested in slaves.
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Slave Families
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Slave culture was a family culture which was a source of strength and cohesion. Whipping and threats of being sold off kept slaves subdued.
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Black Religion
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Their religion formed the cornerstone of the emerging Black culture
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White Society
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Most Southern Whites were farmers not owning slaves.
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Hinton Helper
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He told small farmers that slavery and the plantaion system created a privielged class of planters
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George Gitzugh
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Slaves had job security and were looked after in old age while NOrthern workers could be fired and even starve to death
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The Internal Slave Trade
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Raisin slave in the upper south was big business. Between 1815-1860, six hundred thousand to seven hundred thousand slaves were sold i the weatern Gulf of Mexico are, including Texas
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The Second Great Awakening
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In the South it was led by Baptists and Methodists calling for a more personal relationship with the Lord. They used highly emotional camp meetings.
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The Second Great Awakening
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In the North, Nathaniel Taylor preached that every person was a free agent who coudl overcome sin. Lyman Beecher . Charles Finney stirred his audiences to show great emotion. Every person had the power to choose God, said finney
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Marriage
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Women began to act more like companions to men. Women ran the house
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Horace Mann
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Through his leadership, Massachestts established a State Board of Education and adequate tax support in 1837 for public education.
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American Colonization Society
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Was set up in 1817. Four years later the society established the African country of Liberia settled by Free Blacks.
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William L. Garrison
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Leading abolitionist before Civil War.
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Frederick douglass
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Black abolitionist before the Civil War.
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Women's Rights Movement
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Organized in northern New York in 1848 b y Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. They promoted the right of women to vote.
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Utopian Socialism
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a. Robert Owen- In New Harmony, Indiana, there was to be common and equal ownership of property
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Utopian Socialism
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b. Fourier- He set up co-operative communities where everyone worked and tasks were assigned on the abilities of members
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Utopian Socialism
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c. John H. Noyes- founded Oneida. Traditional marriage aoutlawed and free love practiced.
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Thoreau
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he wrote walden in 1854
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Webster-Ashburton Treaty-1842
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A treaty between England and the US resolving US-Canadian boundary questions in the northeast.
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Texas Revolution
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A revolution in Mexican Texas in 1835-36 which led to Texas independence after the Battle of San Jacinto. Texas became an independent Republic form 1836-1845.
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Oregon Trail
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A major transportation artery moving people and goods westward to the Oregon country in the 1840's and 1850's
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Mormons
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Followers of Joseqh smith and Brigham Young who established present-day Utah
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Manifest Destiny and John L. O'Sullivan
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O'Sullivan coined the term "manifest destiny". It was the US destiny to own the land from the Atlantic to the Pacific. The concept helped promote an Aggressive foreign policy.
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Election of 1844
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Polk, the Democrat, beat Clay, the Whig
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Buchanan-Pakenham Treaty-1846
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This established the present US-Canadian boundary in the Pacific northwest at the 49th parallel. This settled the issues of the land division of the Oregon Country between England and the US.
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Mexican War-1846-1848
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This grew out of a dispute with Mexico over the Texas-Mexican boundary in 1846. US interest in owning Mexican California was also involved.
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Treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo
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This treaty ended the Mexican War in 1848. The US acquired 1/2 of Mexico including California, New Mexico, Arizona, nevada, and Utah after the war.
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The Washington Presidency
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George Washington became president in 1789 after receiving every electoral vote for President.
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Presidents Cabinet
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a. Jefferson was made Secretary of State, b. Hamilton was made Secretary of the Treasury, c. Henry Knox was made Secretary of War, d. Edmund Randolph was made Attorney-General, and e. Samuel Osgood was made Postmaster-General
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The Judidiary Act of 1789
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1. The Supreme Court was to have 5 Associae Justices and one Chief Justice, 2. U.S. circuit courts were to be created made up of 2 supreme Court members and 1 federal district judge, and 3. 13 U.S. district courts were set up, one for each state and the President with Senate approval would appoint 1 U.S. district judge for each state.
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Hamilton's task to set up a Financial Program
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1. Funding: The U.S. would assume and pay the entire U.S. debt inherited form the Confederation, 2.Assumption: Hamilton and Jefferson worked out a compromise whereby the South went along with assumpton in return for the North agreeing to the movement of the national capitol to a location on the Potomac River, 3. First Bank of the U.S.,
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Raising Revenue for the U.S. government
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In time, opposition to Hamilton's program, the Whiskey Rebellion broke out in western Pennsylvania in 1794 and the Pennsylvania farmers threatend to attack regular army units at Pittsburgh. Washington took decisive action and called out 13,000 troops from 3 states to suppress the rebellion, but the leaders were arrested and tried...only 2 were convicted and George Washington pardoned them
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General Anthony Wayne
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defeated a large Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.
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Treaty of Greenville 1795
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Which the Indians gave up vast areas of what is Ohio today.
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Other Fronteir Developments
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Vermont (1791), Kentucky (1792), adn Tennessee (1796)
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John Adams
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ws President, Congress passed the Harrison Land Law which gave in to Western demands that settlers rights to gain the land should be more important. Under the new law, settlers could now buy 320 acres as opposed to the minimu 640 acres under the ordinance of 1785... also credit was extended to farmers for a period of 4 years
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Rule of 1756
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England said that she had every right to seize neutral ships since the U.S. had not had the right to carry the French cargoes befor the war in the 1790s
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Embargo of 1794
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by which no U.S. shops were to be allowed on the high seas and no foreign ships could enter U.S. ports. This proved ineffective in stopping the British measures. Washington decided to negotiate the issues and he sent Chief Justice John Jay to London
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Jays Treaty of 1794
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1) England agreed to remove their troops form U.S. soil south of the Great lakes 2) Plans were laid to establish 2 commissions: (a) a commission to settle the non-payment by Americans of pre-war debts and (b) a commission to work out the Maine-Canadian boundary
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Jays Treaty of 1794 continued
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3) A commission was set up to determine how much England should pay the U.s. for its seizure of U.S. shops and cargoes and vice versa, 4) A trade treaty was made giving the U.S. access to Britain and British markets in Europe on a "most favored nation" basis and England would have better access to U.S. markets. We alsogot some trading opportunities in British Asia.
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Pinckney's Treaty (1795)
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Spain was concerned that U.S.-British friendship growing out of Jay's Treaty might lead the U.S. to attack Spanish Florida
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Provisions of Pinckney's Treaty
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Spain accepted the 31st parallel as the Florida-U.S. boundry
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Convention of 1800
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France agreed that the 1778 treaties were no longer jineffect and to accept the U.S. position that neutral ships make neutral goods.
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Kentucky Resolutions
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the other states join Kentucky in declarion the Alien and Sedition Acts of no force in the states
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Virginia Resolutions
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The states should assume the right to decide when Congress had exceeded its powers under the Constitution.
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The Jefferson Presidency
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Revolution of 1800, from a commercial and financial elite to an agricultural elite. Madison as his Secretary of State and Albert Gallatin as Secretary of Treasury. The government that governed least governed best.
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Marbury Vs. Madison
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The improtance of the case is not that Marbury ws denied his commission but rather the Court had asserted for itself the power of Judicial review of acts of Congress...this was a power not expressly given to the Suprume Court in the constitution.
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Berlin Decree
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calling for a total blockade of Britian. Then Napoleon issued his Milan Decree which was designed to stop all British exports to European ports.
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Chesapeake and Leopard
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Cheseapeake was stopped by Leopard and four seamen were taken off by the British and impressed into service in the British nay. Chesapeake was a U.S. NAVAL VESSEL not a merchant ship
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Madison
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His running mate would be George Clinton. All of New England states voted for Pinckney, indication the opposition that region to Jefferson's Embargo Policy.
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Non-Intercourse Act of 1809
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Madison, taking the envoy at his word, allowed the U.S. to resume trade with England, but the English government would not honor the commitment
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Macon's Bill No. 2
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The second bill repealed the Non-Intercourse Act and provided that if either France or England repealed their laws affecting neutral ships and goods, the U.S. would impose non-intercourse on the other. Madison thus bit the French bait and re-imposed non-intercourse on England to take effect early in 1811. Then Napoleon raised the tariff on U.S. goods entering French ports, seized U.S. ships in French Harbors and sold them. Madison has been had again.
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Election of 1828 and the Jackson Presidency
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States abondoned property-holding and tax paying qualifications on voting so that UNIVERSAL WHIE MANHOOD SUFFRAGE WAS BECOMING A REALITY IN THE U.S.
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Kitchen Cabinet
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compose of close political advisors who acturall had more power than his official cabinet
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Spois System
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This was a system of giving jobs in the national government to loyal party workers as opposed to filling the jobs with qualified people
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Compact of States
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Derived its powes from the people of the country.
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John C. Calhoun
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He realized the extent of feelings in his state for secession from the union an dhe tried to channel sentiment in his state away from secession.
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Webster-hayne Debate
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Webster attacked what Hayne had said and said that the states were not of ultimate power under the constitution:rather the constitution, he said, imposed certain restriciton on state power and the states only had power as allowed by the constitution
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Tariff of 1983
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Which overall provided for Tariff reduction...the tariff would be reduced for the next nine years after which the rate would not exceed 20% on any item.
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Jacson and the Crisis over the Second U.S. Bank
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In the crisis over Nullification, Jackson had acted as strong nationalist in reaction to South Carolina's actions. In the cisi over the Bank, he wold act like a states-rights Democrat.
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Diplomacy under Jackson
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Relations improved with England. Jackson could not act to bring Texas int the Union because of opposition in his own democratic pary and opposition from the nation republicans. These opponents did not want any more slave territory added to the union and further believed that mexico would fight the U.S. if the U.S. tried to annex texas.
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Diplomacy under Jackson continued
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Whig part was and economic coalition of northern businessmen and large southern palnter. The whig party would run 3 candidates for persident in 1836 hoping to divide the electoral vote so much that the house would pick a whig as president...their plans backfired and the democrat van buren was eleted in the electoral college.
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Van buren Presidency
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the senae did pass Van Buren's scheme in 1837 and 1838, but the house defeated the measure both times
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THe Harrison-Tyler Presidency
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Eventually, every member of the Harrison Cabinet would resign except Webster out of protest of Tyler's policies as president. The most maddening aspect was that Tyler was proving to be a strong president which angered the whigs greatly as Tyler was supposed to let the whigs in congress create and promote the program for the country, not the president.
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The Harrison-Tyler Presidency continued
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Clay began work on a tariff issue and since the U.S. government needed rvenue, it raised teh 1833 rates to the levels of the Tariff of 1832. Since this raised the rates above the 1833 rates, the Distribution of money from teh sale of Western lands stopped.
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Continued Whig Problems and Relations with England and Texas
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Relations with Englnd did improve, however as a result of the Webster-Ashbourton treato fo 1842. There had been a boundary dispute with England over the U.S.-Cnadian boundary and other issues involving the African slave.
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Continued Whig Problems and Relations with England and Texas continued
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1) that awarded 7/12 of the disputed territory between Maine and Candada to the U.S. 2) The U.S. agreed to keep naval vessels off the African coast to stop slave ships flying the U.S. flag from carrying away slaves.
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