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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What 3 things does neuroecterm become?
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Surface ectoderm
neural crest cells Neural tube |
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What are the derivatives the neural crest cells?
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Schwann cells
glial cells meanings melanocytes medulla of adrenal spiral septum (of heart) dorsal root gaglia craniofacial structures thymus (vit A inhibits migration) |
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A patient with aganglionic colon and other neurocrest deficiency derivatives, what other findings would you expect to see?
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Albinism (melanocytes are neural crest derivative)
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What drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy?
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Alcohol
ACE inhibitors cause renal disease cocaine: fetal addiction DES: vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma Iodide: congenital goiter or hypothyroidism vit A: migration of neural crest cells thalidomide: focalmelia Tobacco: preterm labor, ADHS, Warfarin anticonvuslants |
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What psychiatric is CI in pregnancy?
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Lithium
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Which antibiotics are CI in pregnancy?
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SAFE Moms Take Really Good Care
sulfonamides aminoglycosides fluorquinolines erythromycin metronidazole ribavirin Griseofulvin chorampheniol causes grey baby |
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What birth defect is caused by sulfonamides?
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Kernicterus
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What birth defect is caused by aminoglycosides?
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Ototoxicity
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What birth defect is caused by erythromycin
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Acute cohlestatic hepatitis in mom
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What birth defect is caused by chormamphenical?
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Gray baby
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What birth defect is caused by flouroquinolines?
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Cartilage damage
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What birth defect is caused by tetracycline?
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Discolored teeth
inhibition of growht |
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What are class A, B, and C drug classes
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A : safety established human studies
B: safety established animal studies C: no human or animal studies show adverse effect In general A, B, and C can be used. |
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What drug alters HOX genes expression, and what does this cause.
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Retinoic acid
synpolydactylyl (extra fused digit between 3rd and 4th finger) |
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Twin placentation is determined by timing of egg division.
When does the following occur during egg division? Diamniontic/dichorionic placentation |
Prior to morula (within 3 days of fertilization)
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When does the following occur during egg division?
Diamniontic/monochorionic |
4-8 post fertilization
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When does the following occur during egg division?
mono/mono (one placenta) |
8-12 d post fert
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When does the following occur during egg division?
conjoined twin |
After 13d
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What is the general schema for separation and when the division took place?
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The more separation the twins have, the earlier the division took place.
The less the separation, the later they divided |
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What developmental structure matches the following description:
Supplies oxygenated blood to the fetus? |
Umbilical vein
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What developmental structure matches the following description:
Removes nitrogenous waste from bladder |
urachus
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What developmental structure matches the following description:
Secretes HCG |
Synticotrophoblast (outer layer of chorionic villi)
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What developmental structure matches the following description:
Maternal component of placenta |
Deciduas basalis
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What developmental structure matches the following description :
Returns deoxygenated blood from fetal internal iliac artery? |
Umbilical arteries
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Where does the umbilical vein empty into?
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The ductus venous
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Where does blood from the IVC go into in fetal circulation??
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Diverted through foramen oval to go to head trunk
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Where does blood from the SVC go into in fetal circulation??
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Diverted through ductus arteriosus to lower body of fetus
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?
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Truncus arteriosus
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the coronary sinus?
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Left Horn of the sinus venosis
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the SVC?
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Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the smooth parts of left and right ventricle?
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Bulbus cordis
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the smoothe parts of right atrium?
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Right horn of sinus venosis
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the trabeculated left and right atrium?
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Primitive atria
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Which embryological structure gives rise to the trabeculated part of left and right ventricle?
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Primitive ventricle
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What structure divides the truncus arteriosis the aortic and pulmonary trunks? What is the cellular origin?
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Aorticopulmonary septum
neural crest cells |
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Outline the pathway by which the ventricles and their outflow tracts are separated in interventricular septum development
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Muscular ventricular septum forms (opening between them is the interventricular foramen)
The aorticopulmonary septum (also known as the spiral septum from neural crest cells)divides the truncus arteriosis into the aortic and pulmonmary trunks The aortic pulmonary septum meets and fuses with the muscular ventricular septum to form the membranous interventricular septum, closing the interventricular foramen. |
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Descibe how the ventricles are remodeled in order to form the AV valve?
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Myocardium erodes, ventricles enlarge as aresult.
residual mesodermal tissue becomes fibrous and frorms chordate tendinae formation of papillary muscles and AV valves |
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Name six different spiral septum defects (truncoconal)
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1. finestrae
2. VSD 3. Tetrology of Falot 4. Persistent trunus arteriousm 5. Transposition of great vessels |
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What divides right and left atria
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Septum primum and septum secundem
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How is blood shunted from right atrium to left atrium in the embryo
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Foramen ovale
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What structure grows to close the opening/canal between the atrial chamber and ventricular chamber into two smaller openings?
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Superior and inferior endocardial cushion (which later give rise to septum intermedum
Defect can cause ASD, VSD or all 4 chambers affected |
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What order does fetal erythropoeis occur
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Young Liver Synthesizes Blood
Yolk sac (3-8wks) Liver (6-30wks) Spleen (7-28) Bone marrow (28) |
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Which fetal vessel has the highest oxygenation
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Umbical vein
Ductus venosis IVC right atrium formamen ovale to left atrium left ventricle |
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Which anomaly is associated with maternal lithium use?
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Ebstein’s anomaly.
Hypoplastic right ventricle causes a dilated right atrium, which gives you increase risk of SVT and WPW. |
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Pt presents with a BP of 155/90 on right arm, 165/92 on left arm, no palpable pulses in feet/ankle. What problem does patient have?
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Coarctation of aort
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Describe blood flow through a PDA
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Right ventricle to aorta in utero
After birth left to right. |
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What heart defect is a/w 22q11?
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Tetrology of fallot
truncus arteriosis |
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What heart defect is a/w congenital rubella?
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Septal defects
PDA |
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What heart defect is a/w Turner syndrome
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Coarctation
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What heart defect is a/w Marfan’s syndrome
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Mitral valve prolpase
aortic insufficiency |
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What problems are offspring of diabetic mothers at higher risk for?
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Transposition of great vessels
Hypoglycemia birth |
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Does the following occur in omphalocele or gastroschesis?
defect in abd wall with extruding viscera covered by a sac |
Omphalocele (gastroscheisis is not covered by sac)
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Does the following occur in omphalocele or gastroschesis?
Liver found protruding |
Omphalocele
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What embryonic process failed in cleft lip?
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Fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes (formation of primary palate)
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What embryonic process failed in cleft palate?
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Failure of fusion of lateral palatine processes, the nasal septum, and/or the median palatine process (formation of secondary palate)
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What nerve innervates the branchial arch 1 and what are it’s derivatives?
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M and T’s
T is for trigeminal: V2 and V3 M is for mesckel’s cartilage, mandible, malleus, sphenoMandibular ligament Muscles: Muscles of Mastication, Masseter, Mylohyoid |
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What nerve innervates the branchial arch 2 and what are it’s derivatives?
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Second is S
CN: Seven Stapes, Styloid, Stapedius, Stylohoid |
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What nerve innervates the branchial arch 3 and what are it’s derivatives?
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styloPHARYNGEUS innervated glossoPHARYNGEAL
Nerve: nine |
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What nerve innervates the branchial arch 4-6 and what are it’s derivatives?
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Think of voice box
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From which branchial pouch is the following structure derived middle ear and eustacian tube ?
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1
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From which branchial pouch is the following structure derived :superior parathyroids?
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4
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From which branchial pouch is the following structure derived inferior parathyroids?
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3
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From which branchial pouch is the following structure derived: epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil ?
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2
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From which branchial pouch is the following structure derived: thymus ?
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3 (trimus)
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What cranial nerve innervates
1. Taste ant 2/3 2. Taste post 1/3 3. Motor 4. Sensation ant 2/3 5. sensation poster 1/3 |
1. 7
2. 9 3. 12 4. V3 5. 9 |
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What is the femal homologue to the following male structure?
scrotum |
Labia majora
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What is the femal homologue to the following male structure?
Prostate gland |
Urethral/paraurethral glands
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What is the femal homologue to the following male structure?
Glans penis |
Clitoris
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What is the femal homologue to the following male structure?
Corpus spongiosum |
Vestibular bulbs
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What is the femal homologue to the following male structure?
Bulbourethral glands |
Bartholin glands
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What is the femal homologue to the following male structure?
Ventral shaft of penis |
Labia minora
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What type of tumor does cryptochodism predispose to ?
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Germ cell tumor
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What reproductive pathology does a male with Barr body in PMNs have
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Kleinfelters
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What is pneumonic for female pseudohermaphrodite?
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INK For Pen of DeaN
↑ K Female Pseudohermaphrodite ↓ Na Normally aldosterone reabsorbs Na+, and secretes K, and H |
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What reproductive pathology does a female with no Barr bodies have?
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Turners
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Congenital most common cause of: early cyanosis
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Tet fallot
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Congenital most common cause of: late cyanosis
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VSD
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Congenital most common cause of: primary amenorrhea
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Turner
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Congenital most common cause of: congenital mental retardation
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Fetal alchohol syndrome
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Most common chromosomal disorder
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Down’s
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Most common cause of congenital malformations in US
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Fetal alcohol syndrome
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