Day 2

Front 1

which cell protects the developing sperm from antibodies produced by immune cells

Back 1

sertoli cells

Front 2

If sperm are fully mature but not motile, which structure do you expect is not functional?

Back 2

epidydimys

Front 3

which structure transports sperm to the prostate?

Back 3

vas deferens

Front 4

which hormone would be deficient in a male if he is exposed to a toxin that destroys leydig cells?

Back 4

testosterone

Front 5

why is semen alkaline?

Back 5

because acid will destroy sperm

Front 6

what hormone in male regulation is released by the hypothalamus?

Back 6

GnRH

Front 7

how does GnRH get from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?

Back 7

by blood vessels

Front 8

what cells release FSH and LH in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

Back 8

gonadotrophs

Front 9

where does ABP go after produced in the testes?

Back 9

into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules

Front 10

Blocking which type of receptors would result in reduced testosterone levels?

Back 10

lh receptors on leydig cells

Front 11

Which hormone stimulates sertoli cells to release ABP?

Back 11

FSH

Front 12

Parasympathetic neurons release _____ into arteries supplying erectile tissue leading to ______

Back 12

NO, vasodilation

Front 13

_________ innervates the blood vessels that supply erectile tissue

Back 13

parasympathetic N.S

Front 14

NANC (nonadrenergic noncolinergic) neurons do not release norepinephrine or acytelcholine, but the do release ____

Back 14

NO (endothelial cells tend to release NO)

Front 15

What is NO effect on smooth muscle cells?

Back 15

causes cGMP to be produced

Front 16

what does cGMP do?

Back 16

gets calcium out of the cytoplasm... therefore muscle relaxes ... blood flow increases which causes blood flow to occur

Front 17

what enzyme breaks down cGMP?

Back 17

PDE5 phosphodyesterase (if you give someone a drug that destroys the PDE5, then cGMP will not break down and erection will occur.

Front 18

what do erectile dysfunction drugs inhibit?

Back 18

PDE5 phosphodyesterase

Front 19

what does GnRH bind to?.... what hormones does it then secrete into the blood?

Back 19

GnRH (which comes from hypothalamus) binds to gonadotrophs... in then secretes LH and FSH into the blood

Front 20

what are the functions of prostaglandins?

Back 20

to decrease the viscosity of seminal fluid
causes reverse peristalsis

Front 21

what do leydig cells secrete?

Back 21

testosterone

Front 22

what does testosterone cause?

Back 22

stimulation of spermatogenesis
bone and muscle growth
male secondary sex characteristics

Front 23

secretion of ______ from the sertoli/sustentacular cells in the testes creates a negative feedback loop in the anterior pituitary gland

Back 23

inhibin

Front 24

which hormone stimulates sertoli cells to produce ABP?

Back 24

FSH

Front 25

where does the bacteria of clamitia and ganorea reside in the penis?

Back 25

in the glands of littre

Front 26

what gets calcium out of the cytoplasm?

Back 26

cGMP

Front 27

erectile dysfunction drugs inhibit _____

Back 27

phosphodyesterase

Front 28

the two layers of the uterine wall are __________ and _________

Back 28

endometrium, myometrium

Front 29

the two layers of the endometrium are the ____ and the _____.... which layer remains throughout menstrual cycle?

Back 29

functional ... basal...... basal layer remains... functional gets sloughed off and rebuilds

Front 30

what type of epithelium does the vagina have?... what type of epithelium does the cervical canal have?

Back 30

non keratinized stratified squamous.... protects from abrasion....simple columnar

Front 31

the most inferior part of the uterus is?

Back 31

the cervix

Front 32

what hormone is added to estrogen after ovulation?

Back 32

progesterone

Front 33

what cells produce the secretions in a lactating womans breast? (they surround the lobule... increase the pressure)

Back 33

myopithelial cell (milk letdown with production of oxytocin)

Front 34

what is the first secretion produced by the mammary glands? what does it contain?

Back 34

colostrum.... it contains proteins, carbohydrates, antibodies

Front 35

what is milk let-down caused by?

Back 35

oxytocin stimulates the myoepithelial cells squeezing out milk into the ducts...

Front 36

suckling stimulates nerves in the ___ which stimulates the _____ which stimulates the ______ to release _____ which stimulates contraction of the _______

Back 36

nipple... hypothalamus... posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)...releases oxytocin....contraction of the myoepithelial cells

Front 37

this benign breast disorder ________ is a slow growing mass of epithelial and connective tissues (solid mass)... it is painless and there are no changes in size with menstrual cycle

Back 37

fibroadenoma

Front 38

this benign breast disorder _______ is a proliferation of the connective tissue stroma and cystic formation of ducts (fluid filled)... it results from increasing hormone levels. it is painful (masalgia)

Back 38

fibrocystic

Front 39

where do breast tumors arise most of the time?

Back 39

in the ducts (ductal epithelium)

Front 40

what happens in ductal hyperplasia? what is the problem with it?

Back 40

an increase in number of cells within the duct wall.... it will metastacize throughout the body.