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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A result of resources concentrated in patches or a result of a social behaviour like mating
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clumped distribution
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A result of high intraspecific competition or territorial behaviour. No limiting resource
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Uniform distribution
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A result of little competition. No limiting resources
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Random distribution
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Population Density formula
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D = N/A
Where N is number and A is area |
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Per capita growth rate relates change in population size to the original population
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cgr = ∆N / N
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Factors increasing a population
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Natality and Immigration
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Factors decreasing a population
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Morality and Emigration
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Factors contributing to biotic potential
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Number of offspring per birth
Chances of offspring survival Number of reproductions per year Age at first reproduction |
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Density dependent factors that limit growth
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competition for food or space
interference: crowding, toxic waste products increase in predator or parasite populations indirect effects: territoriality, behavioral or genetic changes |
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Density independent factors that limit growth
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Environmental “resistance”
Temperature range Sun exposure Salinity Available gases |
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the maximum size a population can reach in a given place.
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Carrying Capacity (K)
At K births and deaths are balanced K is set by biotic potential and density dependent and independent factors. |
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r-selected species show:
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breed often, and at an early age
low investment in lots of small offspring short life-span J - Growth curve |
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K-selected species show:
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breed seldom, and at a later age
high investment in a few large offspring long-lived S - Growth curve |
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Open populations usually show this type of growth curve
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Open populations are affected by natality, mortality, immigration and emigration.
Usually show S-shape growth curves |
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Closed populations usually show this type of growth curve
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Closed populations are affected only by natality and mortality.
Usually show J-shape growth curves |
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Rapid growth, followed by sharp decline in the population creates a ________ curve
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J-shaped
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A population that has many more young people relative to older adults is said to be
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growing and will have a pyramid shaped histogram
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A population that has the same number of young people as adults is said to be
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stable and will have flat sides from young up to 40 years old in it's histogram
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A population that has more 30 - 40 year olds than children is said to be
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declining and will have an inverted pyramid shaped histogram
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