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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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An amino acid is
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The basic building block of proteins (or polypeptides).
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An anticodon is
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The three-base sequence in tRNA complementary to a codon on mRNA.
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An autosome chromosome is
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Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
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A catalyst is
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A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being permanently changed.
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In DNA the quantity of adenine equals the quantity of thymine and the quantity of guanine equals the quantity of cytosine.
This is known as ________ rule |
Chargaff's rule
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The site of crossing-over between homolgous chromosomes is known as a
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chiasma
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A codon is
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A sequence of three RNA or DNA nucleotides that specifies (codes for) either an amino acid or the termination of translation.
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The term used to describe the correspondence of DNA bases such that adenine in one strand is opposite thymine in the other strand and cytosine in one strand is opposite guanine in the other is
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complementarity or complementary DNA sequence.
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The loss of a DNA (chromosome) segment from a chromosome is known as a _____________ mutation
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deletion
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Denaturation of DNA is
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The separation of the two strands of a DNA double helix.
The first step in a PCR reaction, or in any DNA replication. |
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is
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he fundamental substance of which genes are composed.
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A DNA fingerprint is
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The largely individual-specific banding pattern produced when DNA is digested with a restriction endonuclease, and a Southern blot is probed and developed.
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An enzyme that closes nicks in one strand of double-stranded DNA is
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DNA Ligase
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An enzyme that can synthesize new DNA strands using a DNA template is
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DNA polymerase
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A mutation in which there is an addition or deletion of one, two or a small number (not a multiple of three) of nucleotides that causes the codon reading frame to shift
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A frameshift mutation
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The type of replication that human DNA undergoes during S-Phase of the cell cycle
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semi conservative
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An enzyme that opens up the DNA double helix for replication
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helicase
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Differences between DNA and RNA
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Double or Single Strand
Deoxyribose or ribose sugar Thymine or Uracil Nucleous or Anywhere in Cell |
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Organelle that helps with translation of mRNA
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Ribosomes
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Three broad steps in translation
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Initiation
Elongation Termination |
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Uses for Genetic Technology
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Food Production
Medical Treatment Biological Warfare |
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Enzymes used to cut DNA at specific locations
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Restriction enzymes (special class of endonucleases
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Small fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replications
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Okazaki fragments
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Order of enzymes during DNA replication
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Helicase
RNA Primer DNA Polymerase DNA Ligase |
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Scientists credited with discovering the structure of DNA
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James Watson & Francis Crick
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