Dates For Caesar

Front 1

Tribes of Indo-European nomads migrate from western Asia into Europe

Back 1

ca. 2000 B.C.

Front 2

One group of Indo-Europeans, the Latins, settle the Italian plain of Latium, the future site of Rome

Back 2

ca. 1000 B.C.

Front 3

Greek colonists establish the city of Massalia on the southern coast of Gaul, in what is now France; the Greeks and native Gauls begin sporadic trade.

Back 3

ca. 600 B.C.

Front 4

A group of well-to-do Roman landowners throw out their king and establish the Roman Republic

Back 4

ca. 500 B.C.

Front 5

Migrating Gauls enter northern Italy, defeat the Romans at the Allia River, and sack Rome; after receiving a ransom in Roman gold, the Gauls withdraw to the Po Valley, later known as Cisalpine Gaul.

Back 5

390 B.C.

Front 6

Rome completes its unification of all of Italy except for the Po Valley

Back 6

265 B.C.

Front 7

The Romans control virtually all of the Mediterranean coastal lands

Back 7

ca. 140 B.C.

Front 8

The Romans establish the colony of Narbo Martius in southern Gaul and convert the surrounding region into a province, the Narbonese

Back 8

118 B.C.

Front 9

Gaius Julius Caesar is born into an upper-class family and is named for his father

Back 9

100 B.C

Front 10

To oppose the senate and gain power, Caesar joins with the wealthy financier Marcus Crassus and popular military general Gnaeus Pompey to form the alliance called the first triumvirate;Caesar wins election as consul for the following year

Back 10

60 B.C.

Front 11

Winter: Caesar assumes proconsulship of the Narbonese

Spring: Caesar attacks and defeats the Helvetii tribe in central Gaul

Autumn: Caesar defeats the Germanic Suebi tribe, led by Ariovistus, near the Rhine River

Back 11

58 B.C.

Front 12

Summer: Caesar gains control of Belgae, a group of tribes inhabiting northern Gaul; one Belgian tribe, the Nervii, offers fierce resistance

Autumn: Caesar sets up a temporary Gallic administrative structure

Back 12

57 B.C.

Front 13

Spring: Caesar meets with Crassus and Pompey in Cisalpine Gaul to keep the deteriorating triumvirate alive

Autumn: Caesar's naval expert Decimus Albiunus, defeats the Venti, a tribe inhabiting Gaul's northwest coast, at sea

Back 13

56 B.C.

Front 14

Spring: Caesar stops a migration of Germanic tribes from entering Gaul near the junction of the Rhine and Moselle Rivers; builds a fifteen hundred-foot-long wooden bridge over the Rhine and briefly crosses into German territory to discourage further German border violations; Summer: he leads twenty thousand trips across the English Channel into southern Britain, but a storm wrecks many of his ships, forcing him to call off the invasion.

Back 14

55 B.C.

Front 15

Summer: Caesar leads a larger force in a second attempt to invade Britain;

Autumn: hampered by the onset of winter and disappointed with minimal gains, he again abandons Britain; rebellious Gallic tribes massacre more than seven thousand Roman soldiers.

Back 15

54 B.C.

Front 16

Caesar and his commanders ruthlessly put down the rebels, restoring a semblance of order in Gaul; Crassus dies, and the First Triumvirate falls apart

Back 16

53 B.C.

Front 17

ManyGallic tribes rise in rebellion; Caesar lays siege to the enemy stronghold of Alesia in north-central Gaul, and defeats a huge Gallic army, thereby crushing the rebellion

Back 17

52 B.C.

Front 18

The Roman Senate calls for Caesar to surrender command of his army

Back 18

50 B.C.

Front 19

Caesar defies the Senate and leads his troops across the Rubicon River, in northern Italy, initiating a Roman civil war

Back 19

49 B.C.

Front 20

Caesar delivers Pompey a shattering defeat at Pharsalus in east central Greece

Back 20

48 B.C.

Front 21

Caesar, now dictator of Rome, is murdered in the senate on March 15 by a group of disgruntled senators

Back 21

44 B.C.

Front 22

Caesar's grandnephew, Octavian, having won a new round of civil wars, takes the title Caesar Augustus and becomes, in effect, the first emperor of the Roman Empire; Augustus travels to Gaul and announces the formation of three new Gallic provinces: Aquitaine, Lugdunesis, and Belgic

Back 22

27 B.C.

Front 23

The emperor Claudius orders a successful invasion of Britain, which becomes a new Roman province

Back 23

43 A.D.

Front 24

Groups of central-Asian nomadic peoples sweep through Europe and into Gaul

Back 24

ca. 400

Front 25

Rome's last remnants of power disintegrate, and it's former provinces, including Gaul and Britain, fragment into many small, weak, and disorganized kingdoms.

Back 25

ca. 476