Database Management

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distinct information that is formatted in a special way.

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Data

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Dt

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An organized collection of data

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Database

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Dtbs

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A software that controls the storage, organization, and retrieval of data

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Database Management System

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DMS

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Types of Data

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Text

Images

Videos

Speech

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TIVS

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CSV

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Comma Separated Values

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Column

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Field

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Row

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Record

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PURPOSE OF DATABASE

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1. To store data

2. To provide an organizational structure for data

3. To provide a mechanism for querying, creating, modifying, and deleting data of C.R.U.D. (Create, Read, Update, Delete)

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LIST MODIFICATION ISSUES

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1. Data updating problem

2. Insertion problem

3. Deletion problem

4. Redundancy Problem

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DBMS consists of

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A collection of interrelated and persistent data (usually referred to as the database (DB)).

A set of application programs used to access, update and manage that data (which form the data management system (MS)).

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first general purpose database by Charles Bachman from GE. Used the network data model.

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Early 1960s

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IBM developed Information Management System (IMS). Used the hierarchical data model. Led to SABRE, the airline reservation system developed by AA and IBM. Still in use today

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Late 1960s

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Edgar Code of IBM developed the relational data model. Led to several DBMS based on relational model, as well as important theoretical results. Code wins Turing award.

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1970

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relational model dominant. SQL standard.

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1980

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DBMS vendors extend systems, allowing more complex data types (images, text).

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Late 1980s, 1990s

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Use of DBMS

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1. Data independence and efficient access.

2. Reduced application development time.

3.Data integrity and security.

4. Uniform data administration.

5. Concurrent access, recovery from crashes

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D R D U C

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PROBLEMS ON USING DBMS

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Data redundancy and inconsistency

Difficulty in new program to carry out each new task

Data isolation

Security problems

Integrity problems

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DDDSI

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DATA MODELS

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HIERARCHICAL MODEL

NETWORK MODEL

RELATIONAL MODEL

OBJECT-ORIENTED MODEL

SEMI STRUCTURED MODEL

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organizes data in a tree structure.

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Hierarchical Model

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permitted the modeling of many-to-many relationships in data.

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Network Model

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Formally defined the network model on 1971.

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CODASYL: Conference on Data Systems Languages

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a database the data and relations between them are organized in tables. A table is a collection of records and each record in a table contains the same fields. (Developed by E.F. Code.)

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Relational Model

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PROPERTIES OF RELATIONAL TABLE

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Values Are Atomic

Each Row is Unique

Column Values Are of the Same Kind

The Sequence of Columns is Insignificant

The Sequence of Rows is Insignificant

Each Column Has a Unique Name

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add database functionality to object programming languages

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Object-Oriented Model

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the information that is normally associated with a schema is contained within the data, which is sometimes called ``self-describing''.

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SEMI STRUCTURED MODEL

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ARCHITECTURE OF DBMS (1971)

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DBTG: Database task groupANSI: American National Standard Institute

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TWO LEVEL APPROACH

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SCHEMA

SUBSCHEMA

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System view

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Schema

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User view

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Sub-Schema

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THREE LEVELS OR LAYERS OF DBMS ARCHITECTURE

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External Level

Conceptual Level

Internal Level

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described by a schema i.e. it consists of definition of logical records and relationship in the external view

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External Level

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describes the records and relationship included in the Conceptual view.

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Conceptual Level

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indicates hoe the data will be stored and described the data structures and access method to be used by the database.

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Internal Level

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COMPONENTS OF DBMS

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Hardware

Software

Data

People

Procedure

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ADVANTAGES OF DBMS

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Controlling Redundancy

Sharing of Data

Data Consistency

Integration of Data

Integration Constraints

Data Security

Report Writers

Control Over Concurrency

Backup and Recovery Procedures

Data Independence

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DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS

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Cost of Hardware and Software

Cost of Data Conversion

Cost of Staff Training

Appointing Technical Staff

Database Damage

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DBMS LANGUAGES

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Data Definition Language (DDL)

Data Manipulation Language (DML)

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statements are used to define the database structure or schema.

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DDL

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statements are used for managing data within schema objects.

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DML

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DDL

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Create

Alter

Drop

Truncate

Comment

Rename

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C A D T C R

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DML

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Select

Insert

Update

Delete

Merge

Call

Explain Plan

Lock Table

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It provides all the data definition, data manipulation, and data control features that you need to manage large volumes of data.

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MS ACCESS – RDBMS

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FILE EXTENSIONS

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.mdb

.accdb

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is a fully functional RDBMS

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Access desktop database

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can also act as the data source for data displayed on webpages on your company intranet

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Desktop database

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allows you to define the kind of data you have and how the data should be stored.

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RDBMS

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MS ACCESS OBJECTS

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Table

Query

Form

Report

Macro

Module

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an object that is used to define and store data

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Table

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An object that provides a custom view of data from one or more tables.

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Query

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an object in a desktop database designed primarily for data input or display or for control of application execution.

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Form

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is an object in desktop databases designed for formatting, calculating, printing, and summarizing selected data

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Report

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This object is a structured definition of one or more actions that you want Access to perform in response to a defined event.

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Macro

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is an object in desktop databases containing custom procedures that you code using Visual Basic.

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Module

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MS ACCESS DATA TYPES

MS ACCESS DATA TYPES

TYPES

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COMMON DATA TYPES

SPECIALIZED DATA TYPES

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Common Data Types

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Short text

Long text

Number

Date / Time

Currency

Autonumber

Yes/No

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Text or combinations of text and numbers, including numbers that do not require calculating (e.g. phone numbers).

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Short Text

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Lengthy text or combinations of text and numbers.

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Long Text

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Numeric data used in mathematical calculations.

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Number

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Date and time values for the years 100 through 9999

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Date / Time

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values and numeric data used in mathematical calculations involving data with one to four decimal places.

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Currency

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A unique sequential (incremented by 1) number or random number assigned by Microsoft Access whenever a new record is added to a table.

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Autonumber

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values and fields that contain only one of two values

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Yes/No

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SPECIALIZED DATA TYPES

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Attachment

Ole Object

Hyperlink

Lookup Wizard

Calculated

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A O H L C

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Files, such as digital photos. Multiple files can be attached per record.

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Attachment

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can store pictures, audio, video, or other BLOBs (Binary Large Objects)

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Ole Object

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Text or combinations of text and numbers stored as text and used as a address.

Text or combinations of text and numbers stored as text and used as a address.

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Hyperlink

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the Data Type column in the Design view is not actually a data type. When you choose this entry, a wizard starts to help you define either a simple or complex lookup field.

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Lookup Wizard

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You can create an expression that uses data from one or more fields. You can designate different result data types from the expression.

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Calculated

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TYPES OF ACTION QUERY

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Append

Update

Delete

Make-Table

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Retrieves information in an interactive manner prompting the end user to supply Parameter query retrieves information in an interactive manner prompting the end user to supply criteria before the query is run

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MS ACCESS - PARAMETER

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You can save and run the same query again and again, and a lot Queries come in with many advantages. You can save and run the same query again and again, and a lot of times you want to add alternate criteria.

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MS ACCESS - ALTERNATE CRITERIA

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to retrieve data from one or more tables and add that data to another

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Append

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to change the data in your tables, and you can use an update query to enter criteria to specify which rows should be updated

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Update

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to delete data from your tables, and you can use a delete query to enter criteria to specify which rows should be deleted.

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Delete

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to create a new table from data that is stored in other tables.

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Make - Table