Database Final

Front 1

a technique of organizing the data in a database. a systematic approach to decomposing tables to eliminate data redundancy and undesirable characteristics.

Back 1

normilization

Front 2

no two rows of data can contain repeating group of information, i.e. each set of column must have a unique value such that multiple columns cannot be used to fetch the same row

Back 2

1st normal form

Front 3

there must not be any partial dependency of any column on primary key. It means that for a table that has concatenated primary key, each column in the table that is not part of the key must depend upon the entire concatenated key for its existance

Back 3

2nd normal form

Front 4

every non-prime attribute of the table must be dependent on the primary key. there should not be the case that a non-prime attribute is determined by another non-prime attribute

Back 4

3rd normal form

Front 5

This form deals with a certain type of anomaly that is not handled by the previous NF. a table which does not have multiple overlapping candidate keys is said to be in this form

Back 5

Boyce Codd Normal form

Front 6

________ is a constraint between two sets of attributes in a relation from a database. In other words, ________ is a constraint that describes the relationship between attributes in a relation

Back 6

functional dependency

Front 7

______means that a nonprime attribute is functionally dependent on part of a candidate key. (A nonprime attribute is an attribute that's not part of any candidate key.) For example, let's start with R{ABCD}, and the functional dependencies AB->CD and A->C. The only candidate key for R is AB

Back 7

partial dependency

Front 8

what is a candidate key

Back 8

relationship that can uniquely identify a tuple

Front 9

what is a super key

Back 9

a candidate key reduced to the minimum number of columns to uniquely identify a tuple

Front 10

what is a non-prime attribute

Back 10

an attribute that does not occur in ANY candidate key is called a non-prime attribute

Front 11

relational algebra symbols

Back 11

Front 12

what is JDBC

Back 12

Java database connectivity

Front 13

what is ODBC

Back 13

Open database connectivity

Front 14

what is DDL

Back 14

Data Definition language is a standard for commands that define the different structures in a database. DDL statements create, modify, and remove database objects such as tables, indexes, and users. Common DDL statements are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

Front 15

what is DML

Back 15

Data Manipulation Language. It is used to retrieve, store, modify, delete, insert and update data in database.

Front 16

Alternatives to DBMS/SQL

Back 16

file system

hierarchical

Hadoop

Front 17

what is the sql statement to alter a table

Back 17

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD column_name datatype

DROP COLUMN column_name

Front 18

what is the sql statement to update a table

Back 18

UPDATE table_name

SET column1=value1,column2=value2,...

WHERE some_column=some_value;

Front 19

what is the sql statement to retrieve all entries in ascending / descending order

Back 19

SELECT column_name, column_name

FROM table_name

ORDER BY column_name ASC|DESC, column_name ASC|DESC;

Front 20

retrieve in descending order all customer balances for bank accounts of type savings grouped by account type

Back 20

SELECT balance

FROM accounts

WHERE type = savings

ORDER BY balance DESC

GROUPED BY type

Front 21

1st normal form

Back 21

rows must not have column n which more than one value is saved, like separated with commas

Front 22

does data redundancy increase or decrease in 1st normal form

Back 22

increase

Front 23

2nd normal form

Back 23

no column can be identified by one key if there is a multikey for the table

Front 24

3rd normal form

Back 24

split out parts that have another, better key. like if township determines zip code then zip should be separated reducing redundancy

Front 25

an application programming interface (API) for the programming language Java, which defines how a client may access a database

Back 25

Java database connectivity - JDBC

Front 26

a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS)

Back 26

open database connectivity - ODBC

Front 27

a standard for commands that define the different structures in a database. ____statements create, modify, and remove database objects such as tables, indexes, and users. Common _____ statements are CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.

Back 27

data definition language - DDL

Front 28

It is used to retrieve, store, modify, delete, insert and update data in database.

Back 28

data manipulation language - DML