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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Snapshot copy |
A read only image of the active file system at a point in time
Does not contain any data file content
Used for backup & error recovery |
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When a Snapshot copy is created, no _ _ _ _ _ is copied, only the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are copied |
When a Snapshot copy is created, no DATA is copied, only the POINTERS are copied |
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What is the Snapshot Reserved Storage space |
A percentage of the aggr or vol's total space set aside to store Snapshot copies ..... Default aggr is 0% Default vol is 5% |
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Whats the command to display the Snap Reserve storage space |
system> snap reserve
To change the % storage space
system>snap reserve [-A aggr | -V vol ] [percentage] |
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Whats the maximum number of Snapshot copies a volume can contain |
255 |
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What are inodes and what do they do |
A 192 byte data structure used to represent file system objects - files & folders
Describes the files attributes like Type of file Size Owner group & permissions Pointer to xinodes ACL's POINTERS TO DATA FILES If the file is smaller than 64bytes the whole file |
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What is the most important inode |
The Root inode
Is the metadata file that contains the inodes that describe all the other files in the system
The Root inode is in a fixed disk location |
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Commands to verify or increase the max number of inodes in a system |
system> df -i
system> maxfiles *** cannot be reduced after increasing |
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What are 6 basic Snap Commands |
snap create snap list snap delete [vol_name ] snap delete -a snap reserve snap sched |
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what are the basic Volume option commands pertaining to snapshot copies |
Turn off auto Snapshot copies -- on by default system> vol option [vol_name] nosnap
Visibility of Snapshot directory for specific volume to all client hosts -- off by default system> vol option [vol_name] nosnapdir [on | off ] |
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What are the CIFS & NFS Option Visibility Commands |
CIFS option cmd --- visibility is OFF by default system> options cifs.show_snapshot [on| off]
NFS option cmd --- visibility is ON by default system> options nfs.hide_snapshot [on | off] |
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Even thought the Snapshot dir is visible it is a hidden directory What should be enabled on Windows systems to be able to see the snapshot dir |
Show Hidden Files & Folders in Folder Options |
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Even thought the Snapshot dir is visible it is a hidden directory How do you find the snapshot dir on a Linux/Unix client & what is it named |
on a NFS CLI use the cmd ls -a to list the hidden dir's
The dir name is .snapshot |
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What are three points about Snapshot copies |
1: Automatically created on the default schedule 2: Automatic Snapshot copy is enabled by default 3: Disable auto snapshot copy by setting nosnap volume option to "on" system> vol option [vol_name] nosnap on
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In Default Snapshot copy naming what is the name of the First hourly copy Second nightly copy |
hourly.0
nightly.1 |
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The default Snapshot schedule is
snap sched vol2 0 2 6@8,12,16,20
what does this mean |
The snapshot schedule for vol2 has no weekly snapshots will retain 2 most recent nightly snapshots will retain 6 most recent hourly snapshots hourly snapshots will be taken at 0800hrs, 1200hrs, 1600 hrs & 2000hrs |
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What happens to snapshot sched's on new volumes created if you change the root's snapshot sched |
New volumes share the changed snapshot sched of the root |
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What are 2 commands to use with Snap scheduling |
Display the schedule for the volume system> snap sched volume_name
Change the schedule for the volume system> snap sched volume_name weeks days hours @ list of hours |
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What command is used to retain Snapshot copies |
system>snap sched volume_name 6 7 6
this will retain the 6 most recent weekly 7 most recent nightly 6 most recent daily |
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What should be considered when setting Snapshot copies for retention |
storage consumption , a copies retained for a longer period on active file systems will consume more disk space |
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Where would you navigate to to manage Snapshot copies in NetApp System Manager |
System > Storage > Volumes |
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What are the common CLI commands used to Monitor Space used by Snapshot copies |
snap list ... views all copies on all vol's snap delta ...provides rate of change between copies snap reclaimable..displays space saved if copies are deleted snap delete...deletes copies in specified vol's |
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What will the command system> snap list vol_eng show |
Node1> snap list vol_eng %/used %/total date name
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What are the commands to show rate of change affecting the Snapshot copies |
Display data change rate on a volume system>snap delta vol_name Display data change rates for all aggr's system>snap delta -a Display data change rates between 2 vols system> snap delta vol_name snap1 snap2 |
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What is the format of the snap reclaimable command |
system> snap reclaimable vol_name snapshotcpy_name |
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What is the Snap Auto delete command & it's policy parameters |
system> snap autodelete vol_name on ... is off by default
commitment [ try | disrupt | destroy ] trigger [ volume | snap_reserve | space reserve ] target_free_space delete_order [newest_first | oldest_first ] defer_delete [scheduled | user_created | prefix none] prefix
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What are the Snap Auto Delete value's for the commitment policy |
try -- deletes snap shot copies that arent locked
disrupt -- deletes copies locked by data ontap replication operations
destroy -- deletes copies specified in the destroy_list paramater |
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What are the Snap Auto Delete value's for the trigger policy |
trigger thresholds are
volume ----- free space snap_reserve --------Snapshot copy reserve space space_reserve ----- Volume overwrite reserve |
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What are the Snap Auto Delete value's for the target_free_space policy |
default parameter is 20%
system>snap autodelete vol_name target_free_space 10
will lower the free space threshold to 10% |
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What are the Snap Auto Delete value's for the delete_order policy |
Default is the oldest are deleted
system> snap autodelete vol_name delete_order oldest_first
system> snap autodelete vol_name delete_order newest_first |
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What are the Snap Auto Delete value's for the defer_delete policy |
defer_delete defines which type of copy is deleted last
- scheduled - user created - prefix
system> snap autodelete vol_name prefix vol_clone
system> snap autodelete vol_name defer_delete prefix |
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List 4 ways to recover data using snapshot copies |
1: Copy Snapshot copy files back to the active file system 2: Use SnapRestore to revert the VOLUME back to a snapshot copy 3: Use SnapRestore to revert the FILE back to a snapshot copy 4: Use NetApp data protection software |
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What must users be able to do to recover data from Snapshot Directories |
Must be able to see the snapshot dir as it is hidden. Admins must enable visibility. Windows users must "show hidden files/folders" Linux users use the ls -l cmd to list hidden files/folders
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What are the Snapshot directory names for Windows & Linux |
Windows ~snapshot in the nodes shared drive
Linux .snapshot at the root of the vol mnt |
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SnapRestore software can be used to quickly revert a local vol or file to a previous state. Does it also revert volume or aggregate settings ? |
NO |
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Recover large files or entire file systems using SnapRestore ..... what are the main 4 steps |
1: Verify the volume is on line & writable 2: list snapshot copies in the volume system> snap list vol_name 3: Notify ntwk users 4: Initiate the restore system> snap restore -t vol -s snapshot_name /vol/vol_name
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Using snap restore -t vol -s snapshot_name /vol/vol_name will revert the root volume to a previous time. What will that mean |
Restores configuration files , including registry
Initiates a system restart |
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Reverting an aggregate with SnapRestore ,,, what are the 4 main steps |
1: Verify the aggrgate is on line & writable 2: list snapshot copies in the aggregate system> snap list -A 3: Notify ntwk users 4: Initiate the restore system> snap restore -A -s snapshot_name aggr_name
** if you revert an aggregate with the root volume you must restart the system |
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Reverting or Recovering a file using SnapRestore ..... what are the main 4 steps |
1: Verify the volume is on line & writable 2: list snapshot copies in the volume system> snap list vol_name 3: Notify ntwk users 4: Initiate the reversion in the original location system> snap restore -t file -s snapshot_name path_and_file_name OR use the -r option to restore to other location system> snap restore -t file -s snapshot_name -r new_path_and_file_name old_path_and_file_name |
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Can a SnapRestore be undone |
No
During the SnapRestore operation ---cannot delete or create snapshots ---scheduled snapshots are suspended ---any command requiring a Snapshot copy will fail
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what to consider after a SnapRestore operation |
incremental backup & restore operations can no longer rely on AFS time stamps
After reversion perform a level-0 backup when restoring from tape use only backups created after the volume reversion |
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What are the four NetApp replication technologies based on Snapshot technology |
SnapRestore FlexClone SnapMirror SnapVault |
