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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a: sample, sampling frame |
Sample- observations on part of a population to find info about the whole population Sampling frame- list of named/numbered units of a population |
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Advantages/ disadvantages of census |
Ad- should give accurate result Dis- time consuming/expensive -hard to process large data sets |
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Advantages/disadvantages of sample |
Ad- quicker/cheaper - less data to process Dis- may be inaccurate
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What is a simple random sample and how is it carried out ? |
Sample where everyone has same chance of being selected. 1- make a sampling frame - each person allocated a number 2- picked randomly by either: -generating numbers with computer - lottery sampling- numbers written on tickets- picked out of hat |
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What is systematic sampling and how is it carried out? |
People on a sampling frame chosen at regular intervals Eg. Sample of 20 from 100 ppl- u would pick every 5th person |
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What is stratified sampling and how is it carried out? |
Population divided into mutually exclusive strata (eg.male/female). Sample chosen from each depending on its proportion. |
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Ad/dis of simple random sampling |
Ad- free of bias -easy/cheap for small samples -equal chance of selection Dis- not suitable for large samples -sampling frame needed |
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Ad/dis of simple random sampling |
Ad- free of bias -easy/cheap for small samples -equal chance of selection Dis- not suitable for large samples -sampling frame needed |
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Ad/dis of systematic sampling |
Ad- simple to use -suitable for large samples Dis- sampling frame needed |
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Ad/dis of simple random sampling |
Ad- free of bias -easy/cheap for small samples -equal chance of selection Dis- not suitable for large samples -sampling frame needed |
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Ad/dis of systematic sampling |
Ad- simple to use -suitable for large samples Dis- sampling frame needed |
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Ad/dis of stratified sampling |
Ad- guarantees proportional representation of groups within a population Dis- population has to be classified into distinct strata |
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What is quota sampling (non random) |
Researcher selects sample that reflects the characteristics of whole population 1- population divided into groups with similar characteristics. Size of group determines its proportion in the sample. 2-researcher interviews people, allocates them into approprate quota until all quotas r filled. |
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What is opportunity sampling (non random) |
Taking a sample of ppl available at the time the study is carried out and fit criteria u r looking for. Eg. First 20 ppl u meet outside a shop. |
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What is opportunity sampling (non random) |
Taking a sample of ppl available at the time the study is carried out and fit criteria u r looking for. Eg. First 20 ppl u meet outside a shop. |
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Ad/dis of quota sampling |
Ad- small sample can still represent the whole pop -no sampling frame needed -easy, cheap Dis- can introduce bias as its non random -takes time to divide pop into groups |
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What is opportunity sampling (non random) |
Taking a sample of ppl available at the time the study is carried out and fit criteria u r looking for. Eg. First 20 ppl u meet outside a shop. |
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Ad/dis of quota sampling |
Ad- small sample can still represent the whole pop -no sampling frame needed -easy, cheap Dis- can introduce bias as its non random -takes time to divide pop into groups |
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Ad/dis of opportunity sampling |
Ad- easy/ cheap Dis- inaccurate -dependant on individual researcher (bias) |
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What is continuous and discrete variable |
Continuous- variable that can take any value in a given range eg.time Discrete- only specific values in a range |
