Data About Us

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analyze

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to think about and understand facts about a given set of information.

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attribute

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a characteristic or feature that is being investigated

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box and whisker plot or box plot

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a display that shows the distribution of values in a data set separated into four equal size groups

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categorical data

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non-numerical data sets are categorical. Like "What month were you born?"

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cluster

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a group of numerical data values that are close to one another

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data

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values such as counts, ratings, measurements, or opinions that are gathered to answer questions.

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distribution

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the entire set of collected data values, organized to show their frequency of occurrence

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explain

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to give facts and details that make an idea easier to understand

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frequency table

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a table that lists all data values, and uses tally marks or some other device to show the number of times each data value occurs

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gap

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a value or several consecutive values, between the minimum and maximum observed data values, where no data value occurred

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histogram

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a display that shows the distribution of numeric data. The range of data values, divided into intervals, is displayed on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis shows frequency in numbers or in percents. The height of the bar over each interval indicates the count or percent of data values in that interval.

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interquartile range (IQR)

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the difference of the values of the upper quartile (Q3) and the lower quartile (Q1)

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interval

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a continuous group of numbers

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line plot

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a way to organize data along a number line where the x's (or other symbols) about a number represent how often each value is mentioned

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lower quartile

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the median of the data to the left of the median (assuming the data are listed from least to greatest)

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maximum value

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the data item with the greatest value in a data set

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mean

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the value found when all the data are combined and then redistributed evenly. The average. Adding all data and dividing by the number of data in your set.

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mean absolute deviation (MAD)

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the average distance of all of the data values in a data set from the mean of the distribution

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median

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the number that marks the midpoint of an ordered set of data. At least half of the values lie at or above the median, and at least half lie at or below the median. Order your data and balance them out by finding the middle.

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minimum value

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the data item with the least value in a data set

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mode

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the value that appears most frequently in a set of data

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numerical data

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values that are numbers such as counters, measurements, and ratings

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order-value bar graph

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a bar graph in which the bars are arranged by increasing (or decreasing) order of length

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outlier

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a value that lies far from the "center" of the distribution and is not like the other values

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predict

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to make an educated guess based on the analysis of real data

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quartile

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one of three points that divide a data set into four equal groups. The second quartile, Q2, is the median of the data set. The first quartile, Q1, isthe median of the lower half of the data set.The third quartile, Q3, is the median of the upper half of the data set

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range

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the difference of the maximum value and the minimum value in a distribution

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represent

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to stand for or take the place of something else

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scale

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the size of the units on an axis of a graph or number line

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shape of a distribution

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the shape of a distribution can be described by identifying clusters and gaps, and by noting whether the distribution is symmetric or skewed

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skewed distribution

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any distribution that is not symmetrical about the mean

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summary statistic

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a single number that conveys basic, but important, information about the distribution

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symmetric distribution

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a distribution in which the mean and median are the same or almost the same, and in which the values above and below the mean form an approximate mirror image

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table

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a tool for organizing information in rows and columns

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upper quartile

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the median of the data to the right of the median (assuming the data are listed from least value to greatest value.)

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variability

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an indication of how widely spread or closely clustered the data values are