Dat Chemistry Ch. 2 The Periodic Table

Front 1

Representative elements

Back 1

either S or P sublevels as their outermost orbitals

Front 2

Nonrepresentative elements

Back 2

include Transition elements, which have partly filled D sublevels, & lanthande and actinide series, have partly filled F sublevels.

Front 3

Atomic radius

Back 3

element is equal to 1/2 the distance btw centers of the 2 atoms of that element that touching each other.

Decrease L to R on Periodic table
Decrease D to U on Periodic table

Front 4

Ionization Energy (Ionization potential)

Back 4

Energy required to remove electron from a gaseous atom or ion

removing electron always requires input of energy (endothermic), the closer the electron is to nucleus, the harder it is to remove it and higher the ionization energy.

Increases L to R on Periodic table
Increases D to U on Periodic table

Front 5

Electron Affinity

Back 5

energy change that occurs when electron atom added to gaseous atom, and it represents the ease with which the atom can accept an electron.

Stronger attractive pull of the nucleus for e- (effective nuclear charge, or Z_eff) greater e- affinity is

Front 6

Electronegativity

Back 6

measure of attraction an atom has for electrons in a chemical bond

Pauling electronegativity scale values range 0.7 - 4.0, related to ionization energies

Increases L to R on PT
Increases D to U on PT

Front 7

Types of Elements:

Back 7

-Metals - left side of PT
-Nonmetals - right side of PT
-Metalloids (semimetals) - diagonal btw two

Front 8

Metals

Back 8

Shiny solids (except Hg, liquid) @ room temp, general have high density and high melting pt.

Malleability : ability to be hammered into shapes

Ductility: ability to be drawn into wires

Characteristic properties:
-large atomic radius
-low ionization energy
-low electronegativity (easily remove valence e-)
-easy movement of val. e-, metals good conductors of heat and electricity.

Front 9

Nonmetals

Back 9

generally brittle in the solid state and have little or no metallic luster.

high ionization energies

high electronegativities

usually poor conductors for heat & electricity

Right side of PT

Front 10

Metalloids (7)

Back 10

located diagonal on PT btw metals and nometals

Densities, BP, MP vary widely

electronegative & ionization energies lie btw metal and nonmetals

Can act as either nonmetal or metal depending on reacting element

(7) : Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Astatine

Front 11

Alkali Metals

Back 11

Elements in Group IA

1 loosely bound e-

Largest atomic radii

Front 12

Alkaline Earths

Back 12

elements of group IIA

2 electrons

Front 13

Halogens

Back 13

Group VIIA

Highly reactive

Front 14

Noble Gases

Back 14

Inert gases

Group VIII

Front 15

Transition Elements

Back 15

Group IB - Group VIIIB

very hard & high MP & BP

L to R five d orbitals filled

e- loose contribute to malleability & high electrical conductivity

low ionization energies

capable of losing multiple e- in s or d