Dat: Biology Basis Of Life: Biochem

Front 1

Metabolism

Back 1

all chemical reactions in the body

Front 2

Ingestion

Back 2

acquiring food

Front 3

Digestion

Back 3

processing food into a form that the body can use

Front 4

Transport

Back 4

circulation of products that nourish tissues and the removal of waste products

Front 5

Assimilation

Back 5

building new tissues in the body with digested food

Front 6

regulation

Back 6

ability to maintain homeostasis

Front 7

irritability

Back 7

body's response to a stimulus (a part of regulation)

Front 8

growth

Back 8

increase in size

Front 9

photosynthesis

Back 9

plants convert CO2 and H2O to carbohydrates

Front 10

What are living things primarily composed of? (6)

Back 10

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous

Front 11

Unit of an element?

Back 11

atom

Front 12

Unit of a compound?

Back 12

molecule

Front 13

What are inorganic compounds?

Back 13

do not contain carbon and include salts and HCl

Front 14

What do organic compounds include? (4)

Back 14

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Front 15

What are carbohydrates composed of and in what ratio?

Back 15

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

1:2:1

Front 16

What are three types of carbohydrates the DAT will require you to recognize?

Back 16

Monosaccharide, disaccharide and plysaccharide

Front 17

What is protpasm?

Back 17

The substance of life

Front 18

What stores energy in animals?

Back 18

glucose and glycogen

Front 19

What stores energy in plants?

Back 19

starch

Front 20

What is a monosaccharide?

Back 20

contain sungle sugar subunits

Front 21

What is a disaccharide?

Back 21

composed of two monosaccharides

Front 22

How are monosaccharides joined to make a disaccharide?

Back 22

dehydration synthesis

Front 23

What is a polysaccharide?

Back 23

a chain of repeating monosaccharide subunits

Front 24

What is a polymer?

Back 24

a chain of molecules or monomers

Front 25

Give four examples of a monosaccharide:

Back 25

fructose, glucose, galactose, mannose

Front 26

Give two examples of a disaccharide:

Back 26

glucose, maltose

Front 27

Give two examples of a polysaccharide:

Back 27

starch and glycogen

Front 28

What is the primary difference between glycogen and starch?

Back 28

Glycogen is a glucose polymer bonded by beta bonds while starch is bonded by alpha bonds.

Front 29

What is hydrolysis?

Back 29

The process of breaking down a large polymer by adding water (because the subunits were joined through dehydration synthesis)

Front 30

How does the composition of a lipid vary from that of a carbohydrate with respect to H and O?

Back 30

Lipids have a much greater ration of H:O than 2:1...they have much more hydrogen.

Front 31

Describe the composition of a lipid:

Back 31

Consists of 3 fatty acid molecules bonded to a single glycerol backbone

Front 32

What gives fatty acids their hydrophobic and acidic characteristics?

Back 32

long carbon chains make them hydrophobic while the carboxylic acid groups make them acidic.

Front 33

What are the functions of lipids?

Back 33

primary means of food storage in animals.
-they release more energy per gram weight than any other class of biological compound
-provide insulation and protection against injury b/c they are a major component of fatty tissue

Front 34

What is another name for fatty tissue?

Back 34

adipose

Front 35

What are lipid derivatives?

Back 35

phospholipids, waces, steroids, carotenoids, porphyrins

Front 36

Describe a phospholipid:

Back 36

contain glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate group and nitrogen containing alcohol., lechithin (used for cell membranes) and cephalin (brain, nerves and neural tissue)

Front 37

Describe a wax:

Back 37

esters of fatty acids and monohydroxylic alcohols. Found in skin coatings, fur, exoskeletons

Front 38

Describe a steroid:

Back 38

ALL steroids have three fused cyclohexane rings and one fused cyclopentane ring, includes cholesterol, and SEX hormones include corticosteroids.

Front 39

Describe a carotenoid:

Back 39

Fatty acid-like carbon chains containing conjugated double bonds and carrying six-membered carbon rings at each end.
-These are the pigments that produce red, yellow and orange in plants and animals...subgroups are carotenes and xanthophylls

Front 40

Describe a porphyrin:

Back 40

also called a tetraphyrrole:
-contain four joined pyrrole rings, often complexed with a metal
Ex: the porphyrin "heme" complexes with iron in hemoglobin.