Dat Bio Ch 11 Excretion

Front 1

excretion

Back 1

removal of metabolic wastes

Front 2

elimination

Back 2

removal of indigestible material

Front 3

waste of aerobic respiration

Back 3

carbon dioxide

Front 4

waste of deamination

Back 4

nitrogenous wastes (urea, ammonia)

Front 5

excretion in protozoa and cnidarians

Back 5

passive simple diffusion since all cells are in contact with the external environment

Front 6

contractile vacuole of paramecium

Back 6

special organelle of paramecium for excretion of excess water that diffuses into the cell

Front 7

excretion in annelids

Back 7

wastes are excreted through the moist skin via two pairs of nephridia in each body segment. nitrogenous waste is in the form of urea

Front 8

excretion of arthropods

Back 8

CO2 is released through tracheae, uric acid crystals are collected in the Malphigian tubules and then transported to the intestine for removal with the solid digestion wastes

Front 9

function of lungs in human excretion

Back 9

CO2 and water vapor are exhaled

Front 10

function of skin in human excretion

Back 10

excrete water and dissolved salts in sweat

Front 11

function of liver in human excretion

Back 11

processes nitrogenous wastes and other chemicals for excretion, produces urea from the deamination of amino acids in the liver, releases it into the blood to be picked up and excreted from the kidneys

Front 12

function of kidneys

Back 12

maintain osmolarity of blood, excrete wastes products and toxins, conserve glucose, salt, and water

Front 13

functional units of the kidneys

Back 13

nephrons

Front 14

regions of the kidney

Back 14

outer cortex, inner medulla, renal pelvis

Front 15

structure of nephron

Back 15

Bowman's capsule surrounds a capillary bed (glomerulus) and leads to a long tubule (proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule), ending in a collecting duct

Front 16

ureter

Back 16

transports urine from the pelvis of the kidney to the urinary bladder where it is stored before elimination through the urethra

Front 17

peritubular capillary network

Back 17

capillaries that surround neprons for the reabsorption of amino acids, glucose, salts, and water

Front 18

three steps in urine formation

Back 18

filtration, secretion, reabsorption

Front 19

filtration step of urine formation

Back 19

blood plasma enters the Bowman's capsule carrying small solutes, large particles like RBCs stay in the circulatory system. passive process

Front 20

secretion step of urine formation

Back 20

nephron secretes various substances (acids, bases, ions) into the filtrate by active and passive transport

Front 21

reabsorption step of urine formation

Back 21

glucose, salts, amino acids, and water are reabsorbed from the filtrate and returned to the blood. occurs primarily in the proximal convoluted tubule. active process. water also returns to the blood, forming a hypertonic, concentrated urine

Front 22

osmolarity gradient of the kidney

Back 22

tissue osmolarity increases from the cortex to inner medulla

Front 23

countercurrent multiplier system

Back 23

arrangement of Loop of Henle and collecting tubule allows most of the filtrate to be reabsorbed by osmosis, forming concentrated urine

Front 24

function of ADH

Back 24

regulates permeability of collecting tubules to water, makes them more permeable, allowing more water to be reabsorbed, makes urine more concentrated