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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is sessile
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porifora, sponge 2 layer
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bending of a joint to an acte angle
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flexion
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portion of the muscle attach to the bone that move during contraction
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isertion
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continuous state of muscle contraction
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tonus
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straightening of the bone
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extention
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this organism has
1. no anus 2. bilaterial sym 3. no circulatory system 4. have primitive excretory system 5. 3 layersof cell including mesoderm |
playthelminhes
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this organism have
-true body system "coelm" in mesoderm -well difined system including nerve, circulatory system -have ventural solid nerve cord |
annalds
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this muscle cell hace intercalated disk connection termed protoplasmic disk
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cardiac cell
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cell body of motor neuron (parasym) clustered in ??
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dorsol root ganglion
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divsion of animal kingdom phylum (8)
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1. porifora (sponge)
2. colenterate(cnidarian) radial sym 3. nematodes (roundworm) 4. platyhelminthes (flatworm) three layers but no anus 5. annelids "true body" coelem three ayer and anus 6. arthropods "sparacle and trachea" 7. enchinoderm "star fish" radial sysm 8. chordata (have notochord) 1-6 protosome mouth form from blastopore 7-8 anus form from blastopore |
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what is other name for epinephrine?
where is it made? stimulate by what nerv sys? |
aka adrenaline
made by adrenal medula stimulate by sympathtic nerve sys "fight or flight" peptime "aa" hormone |
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stimulus coupled to a rapid motor response and is meant for quickness
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reflec arc
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reflec arc need how many neuron?
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3
sensory, interneuron, motorneuron |
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multinucleated
regular array of actin and myosin filament require ATP |
skeletal muscle
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4 region of spinal cord
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cervical
thoracic lumber sacral |
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water boils when ?
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vp = environmental pressure
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nonvolatile
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not evaporating rapidly
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when nonvolatile solute is added to the pure solvent
what happens? |
BP of resulting solution will higher than that of the pure solvent
VP of solvent above the resulting solution will ded osmatic pressure will change the freezing point of the resulting solution wll lower |
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outer ear
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pinnea->auditory canal->ear drum
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middle ear
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hammer->anvil->stirrup
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inner ear
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cochlea-> organ of corti
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stimulate reabsorp Na+ and stimulate secreation of K+
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aldoestone
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type of natural vegitative propagation and characterized by woody underground stem
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Rhizomes
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example of rhizomes
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ferns and irisis
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when inside cell become positive due to influx of Na
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depolarization (up hill of the graph)
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when inside cell becomes negative due to exit of K
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repolarization ( down hill of the graph)
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this returns cell to resting potential (-30 mv)
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Na/K pump
3 Na for every 2 K |
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5 facts of aldoestone
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1. from adreanal cortex
2. steroid hormone 3. conversion of sodlim , secretion of potasium 4. inc water retention 5. inc blood pressure |
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alkyl halide and strong base lead to ??
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elimnation
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ester wth strong base
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alpha H is removed
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alcohol with strong acid lead to
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elimination
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A.A with base
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+ on amine group
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A.A with base
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-on O
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the source of oxygen givenoff in photosynthesis si
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water
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spectific gravity
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like a density (g/l)
it is g/ml |
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Hg(zn)/HCl
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acetone to propane
remove Oxygen in ketone |
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O3(H2O)/zn, H2O
and O3 CCl4/H2O |
O3(H2O)/zn, H2O
-cut double bond and make aldehyde or ketone O3 CCl4/H2O -cut triple bond and make carboxylic acid |
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relationship btw Na, blood volume and BP
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Na inc = blood volume inc = BP inc
aldoestone and ADH = inc H2O absorption |
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Na inc = blood volume inc = BP inc
this is stimulated by |
angiotensin II
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function of renin
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convert angiotensinogen to angiotensin II which which stimulate Na inc =b volume inc = BP inc
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gas exchange thru egg shell
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chlorion
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respiration ad excretion of egg
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allantois
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this is responsible for fetal respiration , nutrition and waste removal
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placnta and unbelical cord
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this is place where lymph system meets cirulatory system
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thoracic duct (lymp vessel)
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alimentary tract
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oral cavity, epiglottis, glottis,larynx, pharnyx, esphagus, stomach, SI and LI
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Urine leave kidney via () and leave bladder via ()
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ureter
urethra |
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these two synthesized in hypothalamus and secreted by posterior pituary gland
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oxytonin
ADH |
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inc strength of contraction during child birth
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oxytocin
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inc H2O absorption in kidny in distl and convluted tubles and collecting duct
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ADH
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hydrolyze
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breaking bond by addig water
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cannot maintain consistent internal body temp thus live in the water is necessary
fish, reptle, amphibians and most lower animal |
poikilothermic (ectodermic/cold blood)
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these are energy storage molecules located in the muscle fiber.
they release energy during contraction as actin and myosin filament slides along one another |
ATP and phosphocratine
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grignard reaction must have
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absend of water and
no acidic proton present in the solvent system nor in the substrate |
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william ether synthesis follow
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SN2
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mutualism
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+/+
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comensalism
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+/0
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parastism
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+/-
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this produce testosterone and other male
androgens. |
interstitial cell
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this provide nutrients to sperm cell
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sertoli cell
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seminal fluid is produced by three glands located along the
reproductive tract: |
the seminal vesicle, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands.
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In the
central nervous system, myelin is produced by |
oligodendrocytes.
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In the peripheral nervous system, axons are surrounded by a conductory cover known as the
myelin sheath, which is a layer of fatty material composed of a . |
cell membrane of Schwann cells
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The hypothalamus secretes releasing hormones that regulate secretions of the anterior pituitary.
The releasing hormones are secreted from the hypothalamus into |
the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal
system. |
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store sugar as glycogen
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liver
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breakdown glycogen to glucose
(where) (by what ) |
liver
glucogon and epinephrine |
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convert excess a.a to glucose, fat , ammonia
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liver
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convert ammonia to urea
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liver
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remove bacteria, bilirubin (which is utilized in the formation of bile salt) from bloodstrem
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liver
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synthesize angiotensinogen
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liver
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produce bile
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liver
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acetycholine is what???
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neurotransmitter found in neuromuscular junction and synapses
chemical messenger released when an action potential reaches the end of an exon parasympathetic |
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norepinephrine is what?
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neurotransmitter found in neuromuscular junction and synpases chemical messenger released when an action potential reaches the end of an exon
sympathetic |
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dopamine and saratonnin is what?
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neurotransmitter found in neuromuscular junction and synpases chemical messenger released when an action potential reaches the end of an exon
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this has chitinious exoskeleton
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insects
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this is has calcium/mineral shell
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mullusks
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synpases act as like what?
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rectifier make sure it travels one direction
neurotransmitter can only release by axon and can only be received by dendrite |
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this have dorsal hallow nerve cord and this lead to advance nerve system
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chordata
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this enters liver from SI
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heptic portal system
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condensation is aka ??
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dehydration rxn
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hydrolyze has opposit effect of
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dehydration (condensation)
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aldol condensation
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combination of two aldehyde
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acidic extraction makes what??
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will make organic bases soluble
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extraction w/ wk acid ???
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will protonate most basic compound (thus transfer it to aqueous phase)
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log 1 =?
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0
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alchol to carboxylic acid
(4) |
KMnO4
K2Cr2O7 tollen's agent (Ag2O) jones reagent (CrO3) |
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alchol to aldehyde
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PCC
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aldehyde/ketone to alcohol
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NaBH4
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carboxylic acid to alcohol
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LiAlH4
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aldehyde/ketone to alkane
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Hg(zn)/HCl "clemensen"
H2NNH2 "wolf kisner" |
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alcohol to alkene
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HA (wk acid) with heat
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clemensen rxn
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aldehyde/ketone to alkane
Hg(zn)/HCl |
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"wolf kisner"
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aldehyde/ketone to alkane
H2NNH2 |
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after birth what happen to the pressure in RA??
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dec b/c umbelical blood flow stop
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the mass of an element produced at the cathod or anode of electrlytic cell varies
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with current
the greater the current the more e- are flowing thru solution per unit time and more metal will be plated out in a fixed amt of time |
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nonmetal oxide such as CO2 or SO3 react with H2O to form?
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acidic anhydride (acidic solution)
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metal oxide (CaO K2O) react with water to form
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basic solution or basic anhydride
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epineprine is ??
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aka adrenaline
from adreanal medula "peptide hormone" stimulate by sympathtic nerve sys "fight or flight" |
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what happens when action potential reaches the muscdle fiber??
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it cause the release of Ca2+ from sacoplasmic reticulum to initiate the sliding of the actin and myosin filament
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follow the heart beat starting at?
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SA to AV which signals bundle of his then contraction thru the ventricle via the purkinje fiber
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