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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does the cochlea reach an adult functioning level?
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20 weeks gestation
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At what point can researchers record a fetal sound response?
What exactly are they recording? |
After 20 weeks gestation.
They are measuring the increase in the fetal heart rate as it responds to high frequency tones |
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What sort of reaction to sound can we expect to see at 24 to 25 weeks gestation?
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Eye clenching and the auropalpebral reflex (eyeblink)
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What frequency would a fetus most likely respond to?
a. 200Hz b.1000Hz c. 4000Hz |
200Hz
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Maternal voice cues are comprised of frequencies below ______ Hz.
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1000
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T/F
After 20 weeks, how the fetus hears in the womb is generally the same as how s/he will hear once born. |
False.
Attenuation of high frequency sounds makes the sound input different. |
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T/F
When recorded in the womb, a mother's phonemes are ____ % recognizable by researchers. |
64%
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T/F
A newborn infant is able to distinguish its mothers voice from that of other female speakers. |
True
DeCasper and Fifer The infant sucking response paradigm. Suckled more when hearing mom's voice than other women's. Infants learned that producing certain sucking patterns, could elicit mom's voice. |
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List the reflexive behaviors noticed in an alert infant when exposed to auditory stimulation.
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startle response
arm/leg jerks slow limb movements auropalpebral reflex change in sucking behavior eyeblinks facial twitches |
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List some attentive behaviors noticed in the alert infant when exposed to auditory stimulation.
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quieting/decrease in activity
increase in activity breath holding increased breathing rate vocalizations cessation of vocalization starting/stopping of crying eye widening brow furrowing smiling/change in expresssion searching/localizing |
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Auditory behavior index
0-6 weeks 1. noisemaker ___SPL 2. warbled pure tone ___HL 3. speech ___HL 4. expected response: |
1. 50-70 SPL
2. 75 3. 40-60 4. eye-widening, eyeblink, stirring/arousal from sleep, startle |
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Auditory behavior index
6 weeks- 4 months 1. noisemaker ___SPL 2. warbled pure tone ___HL 3. speech ___HL 4. expected response: |
1. 50-60 SPL
2.70 HL 3.45 HL 4. eye-widening, eyeshift, eyeblink, quieting, rudementary head turn @ 4mo |
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All infants under age 2 startle to speech sounds at ____ dB HL.
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65
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Auditory behavior index
4-7 months 1. noisemaker ___SPL 2. warbled pure tone ___HL 3. speech ___HL 4. expected response: |
1. 40-50 dB SPL
2. 50 dB HL 3. 20 dB HL 4. head turn on lateral plane, listening attitude |
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Auditory behavior index
7-9 months 1. noisemaker ___SPL 2. warbled pure tone ___HL 3. speech ___HL 4. expected response: |
1.30-40 db SPL
2. 45 dB HL 3. 15 dB HL 4. direct localization of sound to the side. Indirectly below ear level |
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Auditory behavior index
9-13 months 1. noisemaker ___SPL 2. warbled pure tone ___HL 3. speech ___HL 4. expected response: |
1. 25-35 dB SPL
2. 38 dB HL 3. 10 dB HL 4. direct localization of sound to the side, directly below ear level, indirectly above ear level |
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Auditory behavior index
13-16 months 1. noisemaker ___SPL 2. warbled pure tone ___HL 3. speech ___HL 4. expected response: |
1. 25-30 dB SPL
2. 30 dB HL 3. 5 dB HL 4. direct localization of sound on side, above and below. |
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Auditory behavior index
16-24 months 1. noisemaker ___SPL 2. warbled pure tone ___HL 3. speech ___HL 4. expected response: |
1. 25 dB SPL
2. 25 dB HL 3. 5 dB HL 4. direct localization of sound on side, above and below |
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auditory localization response:
birth to 4 months |
newborn- arousal from sleep
awake infant- might see eye-blinking, eye-widening... but highly variable startle response (most valid) 3-4 months- may show slow rudimentary head turn (not reliable) |
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How can we reliable judge from behavior that an infant has heard it?
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a startle response
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auditory localization response:
birth --> 4 months |
newborn: arousal from sleep
awake infant in quiet: eye blink, eye-widening, STARTLE 3-4 months: slow, rudimentary head turn towards sound (not consistent) |
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auditory localization response:
4-->7 months |
head turn towards sound more consistently
7 mo.: neck strong enough to directly turn to sound source (LATERALLY ONLY--won't look at sound directly above or below eye level) |
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auditory localization response:
7-->9 months |
locates LATERALLY AND BELOW (response is brisk and firm, precise)
likely won't look above eye level |
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auditory localization response:
9-->24 months |
13 mo.:quick localization to side and below and indirectly above
16 mo.: localize directly on any plane 21 mo.: full maturation of auditory localization response |
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T/F
Auditory development is complete at birth. |
False. Despite completion of inner ear development, auditory development continues well into the school years
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Northern and Downs Table 5.1:
0-3 months |
startles to loud noise
calms to familiar voices makes "ooh" and "aah" sounds |
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Northern and Downs Table 5.1:
3-6 months |
makes variety of sounds "ba-ba" and "ga-ba"
enjoys babbling and sound-maker toys changes vocal pitch at will turns eyes and head toward sound |
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Northern and Downs Table 5.1:
6-9 months |
responds to own name
imitates speech w/ non-speech sounds play with voice repetition, "la-la-la" understands "no" and "bye-bye" says "da-da" and "ma-ma" listens attentively to music and singing |
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Northern and Downs Table 5.1:
9-12 months |
responds differently to happy or angry talking
turns head quickly toward loud or soft sounds jabber in re: to human voice uses 2 or 3 simple words correctly gives up toys when asked stops in response to "no" follows simple directions |
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Northern and Downs Table 5.1:
12-18 months |
Id's people, body parts and toys on request
turns head briskly to sound source in ALL directions can tell you what he or she wants talks in what sounds like sentences gestures w. speech appropriately bounces in rhythm w. music repeats some words that you say |
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Northern and Downs Table 5.1:
18-24 months |
follows simple commands
speaks in understandable 2-word phrases recognizes sound in the environment has vocab or 20 words or more |
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NIDCD:
24-36 months old |
Understands "not now" and "no more"
chooses things by size (big, little) follows simple directions such as "get your shoes" Understands many action words (jump) |
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NIDCD:
18-24 months old |
understands simple "yes/no" questions and phrases such as "on the table" and "in the cup"
Enjoys being read to points to pics when asked |
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NIDCD:
12-18 months old |
follows simple directions ("give me the ball")
uses word s/he has heard often uses 2-3 word sentences to comment and request knows 10-20 words |
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NIDCD:
10-15 months old |
plays w. own voice (enjoys sound and feel)
points to/looks at familiar objects/people when asked to do so imitates simple word and sounds May use single words meaningfully enoys games like "peak-a-boo" and "pat-a-cake" |
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NIDCD:
6-10 months old |
re: to his/r name, phone ring, other voices even when soft
knows words for common things and sayings (cup, shoe, bye-bye) babbles even when alone begins re: to requests like "come here" looks at things or pics when someone talks about them. |
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NIDCD:
3-6 months old |
looks upward or turns toward new sound
re: to "no" and changes in tone of voice imitates his/r own voice enjoys rattle and other noisemaker toys begins to repeat sounds such as "ooh, aah, ba-ba" scared by loud voice |
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NIDCD:
0-3 months old |
reacts to loud sounds
soothed by mom/caregiver's voice turns head when mom/caregiver speaks is awakened by loud voices and sounds smiles when spoken to seems to know mother or caregiver's voice and quiets if crying |
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Who is the most important source of info about an infant/child's use of hearing?
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The child's parent. They have made continuous observation about their child's response to sound
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Besides observations of sound responses, what other areas of information do we want to glean from the parent in an interview?
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Developmental concerns
speech/language concerns educational concerns social issues |
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Why would you need to conduct an interview similar in scope to a speech/language evaluation interview?
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Because if the child does not have a hearing loss, we need to make appropriate referrals if we suspect:
dev. delay oral motor problems specific language problems autism spectrum |
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Interview topics in audiologic eval:
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statement of the problem
family history prenatal/postnatal history birth history infant/newborn factors infant/childhood history medical history communication history social history educational history |
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If conducting a parent interview, give examples of questions you would ask about the child's auditory responses.
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auditory: "What type of sounds does s/he react to at home?", "How does he react?", "How loud does it have to be?", "How does s/he react when you call her name?"
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If conducting a parent interview, give examples of questions you would ask about the child's speech/language productions?
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speech/language:
"What types of sounds does the infant make?", "Can the child imitate sounds, words, etc.?", "What words does s/he understand?" |
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Why is the case history/parent interview an important part of the assessment process?
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It allows for:
clarification or further detail of info gathered observation of parent/child interaction observation of child's auditory & speech behaviors determination of developmental age vs. chronological age info leading to selection of an appropriate test establishment of rapport |
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What are some questions you could ask to ascertain the parent/child interaction at home?
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How do they get the child's attention?
Do they interact verbally? Do they yell to get the child's attention? Are they very visual? |
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What are some questions that you could ask about the child's auditory and speech behaviors?
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How is the child's speech quality?
Can you understand what the child says? Are there "pieces" missing? How does s/he respond when you speak to him/r |
