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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phonology |
the study of sound system of language, the structure and functions of sounds in language |
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Phonetics |
is the study of the perception and production of speech sounds (the form of speech sounds) |
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articulation |
the act of producing sounds that are used to convey a message |
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manner of articulation |
how the consonant is formed (how the air stream is modified due to the interaction of the articulators) |
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place of articulation |
where along the vocal tract the consonant is formed (how the articulators are arranged during production) |
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voicing |
whether or not the vocal folds vibrate during production |
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6 classifications based on manner |
stops fricatives affricatives nasals glides liquids |
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7 places of contact |
bilabial labial dental lingua-dental alveolar palatal velar glottal |
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voiced |
if the vocal folds vibrate during production, then the consonant is ___________ |
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voiceless or unvoiced |
if there is no vibration of the vocal folds during production, then the consonant is _________ |
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cognate pairs |
sounds that are produced simarily (same manner and place of production) but they differ in voicing /k/ and /g/ are ______________ |
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vowel |
is a speech sound that is produced with a relatively open vocal tract of a particular shape. all vowels are voiced the vocal folds vibrate during production |
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a vowel is described as |
rounded or unrounded high, mid, low, and front or back tense or lax |
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phonemes |
are non-meaningful and the smallest units of oral language (groups of similar sounds). When two different phonemes are interchanged the meaning of the word or words will be altered |
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allophone |
is a singular part of a phoneme family, for example the word pepper contains two different allophones of /p/ aspirated and unaspirated |
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phonotactics |
rules for combining sounds within a language; describes the arrangement and sequencing of phonemes in a way that makes them appropriate for a given language. |
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coarticulation |
sounds influence one another when combined in sentences and words. a neighboring sound can affect the sounds that precede or follow it. |
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the rule for the production of /s,z/ when producing pluras |
if the phoneme preceding "s" is voiced then the plural will also be voiced. if the phoneme preceding "s" is a voiceless phoneme, then the plural "s" will be voiceless. |
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explain the rule for production of /t, d, ed/ |
when producing past tense if the phoneme preceding is voiced, then the past tense ending will be voiced.
if the phoneme preceding is voiceless, then the past tense ending will be voiceless.
if the phoneme preceding is /t/ or /d/ then the past tense will be /ed/ |
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Otitis Media |
Inflammation of the middle ear, which may or many not be infectious in origin. It may occur with or without effusion. Even minor fluctuating hearing losses seen in children with recurrent OM may affect those children's speech and language acquisition. Occurs in the first few years of life. |
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Tongue Thrusting |
Excessive anterior tongue movement during swallowing speech and the anterior placement of the tongue during resting posture. Tongue thrusting and forward tongue resting posture can cause malocclusion problems, altered patterns of facial development and articulation problems |
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Missing teeth |
several english consonants require intact definition for correct production |
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Apraxia |
Impairment of motor speech programming. Substitutions additions, repetitions and prolongations. initial consonants |
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Mental Retardation |
Persons with mental retardation are likely to have articulation errors. The most frequent error is likely to be deletion of consonants. Articulation errors are likely to be inconsistent. There is a high rate of deletions. Also vowel errors |
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Sever language impairment in young children |
several phonological disorders in young children are evidence of sever language impairment. Children with articulation deficits also tend to be impaired in language skills involving knowledge of phonological rules, form classes and sentence structure. |
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Poor literacy skills |
students with poor literacy may have difficulty identifying individual sounds, dividing words into sounds and understanding sound symbol relationships.
Also experience problems with graphemes and morphemes. Young children with phonological disorders are often at risk for other academic problems such as reading and spelling |
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Lower SES |
A family's SES is determined by their parents education, occupation, income and geographical location. Low SES is associated with poorer phonemic awareness and reading skills. May lack the resources needed to help their child succeed in school. |
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Dental Braces |
Can affect proper approximation of the lips resulting in difficulties in making bilabilal sounds. can also affect lip rounding, which is necessary to produce vowels and some consonants. Malocclusion or irregular position of teeth when jaws are closed |
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Significant hearing loss |
Inability to monitor productions or compare productions of sounds. Factors affecting speech, speech production and speech perception |
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