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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What part of lateral medulla is responsible for swallowing and palate elevation
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CN X
- Nucleus Ambiguous - motor - Nucleus Solitarius - sensory - Dorsal motor nucleus - sends parasympathetic to heart, lungs, and upper GI |
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What cranial nerves are involved with the lateral medulla
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CN X - Nucleus Ambiguous
CN IX - CN XI - |
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Patient with HepC develops ascites and black feces. What vascular finding would explain this.
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Esophageal varices - melena
Caput medusa - umbilicus Hemorrhoids |
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Pharm: Mech: Strychinine
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Blocks glycine receptors which is inhibitory. This causes muscle spasms and asphyxia
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Pharm: Mech: Tetanus toxin
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Inhibits Renshaw cell from GABA and glycine release
Blocked inhibition creates muscle spasm and tetanus |
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Pharm: Mech: Black widow spider toxin
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Excessive release of ACh - muscle pain and cramping
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Pharm: Mech: Botulinum toxin
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Blocks the release of ACh - flaccid paralysis
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Pharm: Mech: Alpha-Bugarotoxin
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Binds to post synaptic Nicotinic receptors and NMJ resulting in flaccid paralysis
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What common OTC medication is used to remove excess thick sputum by stimulating vagus nerve to generate low viscosity secretion in bronchial tree
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Guafenesis - Robitussin and cough remedies
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What are some functions of bile
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Emulsifies fat - ADEK vit
Protein degradation Carb digestions Dissolves bilirubin, excretes cholesterol and copper |
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What hormone causes gallbladder contractions
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CCK
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Pharm: Mech: Penicillin
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Prevents cross-linking of NAG/NAM in peptidoglycan
Bacteriocidal |
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Pharm: Mech: Macrolides
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Prevents tRNA elongation by binding to 23S RNA polymerase
Bacteriostatic |
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Pt presents c bloody diarrhea. Recently at pork tacos. Gram stain reveals gram-negative, spiral-shaped organism. What is it
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Campylobacter jenjuni
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What are the effects of NSAIDs on inhibition of PGE
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Inhibits COX pathway.
- PGE2 blocking prevents fever and pain, bronchodilates, vasoconstricts |
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What role does prostaglandins and ATII play in renal arterioles
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PGE2 (potent bronchodilator and vasodilator) dilates afferent arteriole increasing GFR
ATII (potent vasoconstrictor) constricts efferent arterioles increasing GFR |
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Pharm: What would happen if you gave a epinephrine to a person already on an alpha 1 antagonist
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Alpha 1 dilates blood vessels and epinephrine would lower it even more
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What cancer types can cause Lambert-Eaton syndrome
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Small cell lung cancer ***
Hodgkins lymphoma Malignant lymphoma |
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What is Lambert-Eaton syndrome
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Autoantibodies bind to voltage gated calcium channels on presynaptic nerves in NMJ - no caclium influx = no release of vesicles = muscle weakness
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How can you tell the difference between Lambert-Eaton and Myasthenia gravis
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Myasthenia gravis gets worse with repeated use but Lambert-Eaton gets better
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Pregnant woman presents to ER with vaginal bleeding prior to first US. An US reveals no heart beat with "snow storm" appearance. What is it
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"snow storm" = Hydatidiform mole
Cancer associated with Hydatidoform mole - Choriocarcinoma Make sure you monitor bhCG to show decline in hormone. If it doesn't drop enough, you might not have removed the whole thing |
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Where is the most CSF generated
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Choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle in brain
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Complications of CF
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Pulmonary - bronchiectasis, recurrent infections (pseudomonas), respirator failure
Pancreatic - malabsorption, impaired fat digestion, DM GI - intussusception, rectal prolapse Infertility in men - no vas deferens Infertility in women - must be more severe |
