D I G E S T I O N

Front 1

Functions of digestive system

Back 1

- Physical and chemical breakdowns of food.

- absorption of nutrients.

- expulsion of waste materials.

Front 2

Food contains...

Back 2

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water, minerals, vitamins, "other"

Front 3

Protein made from..

Back 3

Amino acids

Front 4

Carbohydrates made from..

Back 4

Simple sugars (e.g. glucose)

Front 5

Fats made from...

Back 5

Triglycerides made from chains of fatty acids and glycerol

Front 6

Enzymes

Back 6

Act as biological catalysts. Increase rate of chemical reactions

Front 7

Ingestion

Back 7

Taking food in by mouth

Front 8

Digestion

Back 8

The breakdown of complex nutrients so they can be absorbed into blood

Front 9

Absorption

Back 9

Movement of digested food from digestive system into the blood

Front 10

Metabolism

Back 10

Chemical reactions in the body required for life

Front 11

Egestion

Back 11

Removal of waste production of digestion via anus

Front 12

Ruminant

Back 12

Has 4 chambered ruminant stomach (cow). Oesophagus, reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, caecum, colon. Energy from volatile fatty acids.

Front 13

Non ruminant herbivore

Back 13

Enlarged caecum and colon for digestion of cellose (horse)

Front 14

Prehension, mastication, deglutition, eructation

Back 14

Grasping with lips. Chewing. Swallowing. Burping.

Front 15

Purpose of cardiac sphincter

Back 15

Controls movement of food between oesophagus and stomach

Front 16

Describe the mucosa in the reticulum

Back 16

Papillae form honeycomb pattern

Front 17

Describe the mucosa in the omasum

Back 17

Papillae covered folds project into the limen like "pages of a book"

Front 18

Describe the mucosa in the ruman

Back 18

Shag carpet

Front 19

Role of pancreas

Back 19

Produce enzymes to break down long macromolecule chains into shorter length. Under the liver.

Front 20

Numerous bean shaped areas of lymphatic tissue?

Back 20

Lymph nodes

Front 21

Hepatocytes

Back 21

Liver cells

Front 22

Function of HCI

Back 22

Hydrochloric acid - denatures (unfolds) proteins. Only secreted when food in stomach. Mucous secreted to protect stomach

Front 23

Enzymes produced by pancreas for starch, protein, and fat

Back 23

Starch - amylase

Protein - pepsin, trypsin, peptidases

Fat - lipase

Front 24

Pyloric sphincter

Back 24

Muscle that controls food leaving stomach

Front 25

Mesentery

Back 25

Clear membrane that holds intestines in place with blood vessels running though (rat)

Front 26

Where is food regurgitated from in ruminant?

Back 26

Rumen

Front 27

Order food passes through ruminant stomach

Back 27

Reticulum, rumen, omasum, abomasum

Front 28

Bile

Back 28

Is produced by liver and stored in gall bladder. Essential for fat breakdown

Front 29

Which is longer, ileum or jejunum?

Back 29

Jejunum

Front 30

"True stomach"

Back 30

Abomasum

Front 31

Peristalsis

Back 31

Muscles of digestive tract squeeze in waves to push food along

Front 32

Gastrin

Back 32

Hormone which stimulates acid production

Front 33

Gastric glands produce..

Back 33

Some enzymes for digestion, HCI, mucous, hormones

Front 34

Anatomy of small intestine

Back 34

Stomach (pyloric sphincter), duodenum, jejunum, ileum (ileocaccal valve), large intestine

Front 35

Liver

Back 35

Production of bile, process nutrients, storage of fat soluble vitamins, detoxification of drugs and breakdowns of hormones

Front 36

Large intestine

Back 36

Caecum, colon, rectum.