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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are gametes? |
sex cells produced by meiosis, each cell only has half of the chromosome pairs. e.g. sperm or Ovum |
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Describe the three early periods of prenatal development |
Zygote: 0-14 days. From conception toimplantation into the wall of the uterus Embryo: 3 to 8 weeks. Virtually all themajor organs are formed. Various support systems develop. Fetus: 9th weekuntil birthAll major organsfurther develop and organism grows |
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Describe some common behaviours of the embryo or fetus |
from 5-6 weeks the embryo moves spontaneously: hiccups, moves head, spinal cord and limbs Tactile, taste, smell and hearing simulation. i.e. tests out all senses while still in the mothers womb. |
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Does the fetus learn while in the mothers womb? |
Can discriminate one sound from another and can recognise its mothers voice. Conditioning to tactile and taste stimuli, oral motor patterns, cross-sensory learning. |
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What research was conducted by Fifer et al. (2010)
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Fifer et al. (2010) was a study whereby an infants ability to learn was tested. While using EEG they played a tone to the child and then a puff of air to the face while measuring the subsequent eye movement. After a while the child's eye movement was paired with the tone, showing that babies do have the ability to learn. |
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What are teratogens? |
External environment agents that can cause damage or death during prenatal periods. Each major organ has a sensitive period and development will be impacted depending on when the teratogen effects the fetus. |
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What effect does alcohol have on the fetus? |
Alcohol passes through to the baby with very little restrictions. Can hinder cognitive, motor and social development once born. It can effect the male reproductive system. In severe cases can also cause FAS. |
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What was thalidomide and what effect did Thalidomide have on unborn babies? |
An old drug given to mothers for morning sickness. Caused severe deformities and all types of birth defects depending on when the drug was taken. However, some mothers did take the drug and observed no effect on their child. This suggests that there is a connection here with genotype, phenotype and environment. |
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What is the purpose of crying? |
reflects discomfort, pain, hunger, cold, over-stimulation and frustration. A way of communication between the infant and the mother. |
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What important link exists between experience and brain development? |
If an area of the brain is not used i.e. various experiences are not undergone, they will die via the process of synaptic pruning. Important work ofAustin Reisen and his colleagues: they reared infant chimps in the dark for periods of up to 16 months. Dark-rearedchimps experienced atrophy of the retina. If the chimp wasexposed to light before 7 months then it could recover, if not it went blind. |
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In what area do different parts of the brain grow/develop? |
First areas of thecerebrum to mature are the primary motor areas and primary sensoryareas (birth). By 6months theprimary motor areas of the cerebral cortex have developed to the point thatthey control the infant’s movements. By 9 months increased myelination allows the child to become increasingly capable of complex movement. Following on from here the higher corticalareas slowly assume proper control over primal subcortical regions Note: many areas of the brain do not develop until well into the teens or twenties. |
