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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Desmosomes
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special structures that anchor I.F, "buttons" and "rivets" and structural
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G Actin leads to ? what is the difference between the 2?
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F Actin, G actin is monomers of actin, bind ATP to become dimers, trimers, then F-Actin triple helix
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Branching elements of F-actin microfilaments is done by what complex?
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Arp2/3 complex-faciliates cut/nucleation in other directions
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Microfilament bundles are formed by ? of F-actin by ?.
give 2 examples |
crosslinking-stabilized actin bundle=close crossling due to short segment
ex) microvilli crosslinked by Fimbrin and Villin ex) stress fibers cross linked by alpha-Actinin |
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Microfilament networks are made via _____ of F-actin by what? give 2 examples.
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crosslinking of F-actin by Filamin
ex) pseudopodia for phagocytosis ex) lamellipodia in leading edge during cell movement |
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Myosin types
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I,II,V, VI
II=sarcomeric, smooth muscle,non muscle myosins |
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Describe treadmilling.
____ is added to the plus end and removed from the minus end. |
G-actinxATP added to plus ends of F-actin at a much faster rate than minus ends bc ADP-actin dissociates more readily than ATP-actin
treadmilling results from diff in concentration of G-actin=balance |
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myosin ______ along microfilaments
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"walks"
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parts of myosin heavy chains
parts of myson light chains |
heavy=motor (head) ATPase activity, neck (lever) binds MLC/calmodulin, tail (rod) variable in length/sequence
light=bind to MHCs/regulate myosin func. |
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Type II myosin used in what types of junctions/filaments
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microfilaments used in stress fibers in focal adhesions, adherens junctions, contractile rings
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Yo man, I got some rings, a got some local ads, and I got some junk. but I only got 2 of each....
rings, focal adhesions, adherens, junctions=TYPE II |
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what complex turns on/activates the motor protein of myosin? what does this cause?
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Ca/Calmodulin/Mysonin Light Chain Kinase. causes/helps rod filaments assemble and slide the filaments together=contraction
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Myosin I has important function in ______ where it forms "struts" btw microfilaments and cell membrane
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microvilli
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myosin I moves along microfilament toward the ___ end. carrying cargo linked to the ___domain.
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+ end, carries cargo on the tail domain
is made up of 1 MHC, MLCs and Calmodulin I am POSITIVE it's my ONLY (1) sin (Myosin 1) |
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Myosin V consists of ____
motor domains walk towards the ___ end |
2 MHCs, MLCs, and Calmodulin
+ end V, w, X yz X=+ |
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myosin VI walks toward the ___ end
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minus end
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cell motility happens when _____ attaches to the substratum, which develops ____ and thus, forward movement
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lamellipodium attaches to the substratum, which develops tension
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cell motility: cell moves forward due to the rapid ______ of ______ at the ____end which is faster than the ___ end
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polymerization of F-actin at the plus end is faster than the minus end.
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desminopathies are what?
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cardiac and skeletal myopathies caused by mutations in desmin gene
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desmin is the key ________ protein of cytoskeleton in ____ and ___ muscles that maintains structural integrity of _______ apparatus
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intermediate filament protein in the cytoskeleton in cardiac and skeletal muscles that maintains structural integrity of the contractile apparatues
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microtubules are make up of ____ and ____ that form a______.
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alpha and beta tubulin that for a heterodimer
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alpha tubulin has bound_____ that ______hydrolyze
beta tubulin has bound _____ that ____hydrolyze |
GTP that does NOT hydrolyze
Beta has GTP that DOES hydrolyze into GDP and Pi |
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alpha and beta tubulin heterodimers form a _________
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hollow cylinder with 13 protofilaments
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blistering comes from
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mutations in intermediate filaments that help connect the epidermis to the dermis
epidermolysis bullosa simplex |
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pathologists can track where cancers came from via the
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types of intermediate filaments they started from. have certain antibodies on them now
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microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) regulate
6 things they regulate |
regulate behavior of MTs-bind directly to MTs or Tubulin dimers
1) assembly-polymerization rate 2)stabilization-capping 3)cross-linking-spacing/linking 4)tracking-directing to targets 5)destabilization-preventing assembly 6)severing-capping ends to stop polymerization |
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Kinesins carry cargo toward ____ toward the ___ end
Dyneins carry cargo _______toward the ____ end |
outward toward the plus end
dyneins carry cargo inward toward the minus end globular heads have ATPase and walk along MT tail domains have sequence specific binding proteins to bind to cargo |
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cilia vs. flagella
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cilia line epithelial cells to help move fluid/particles
flagella-propel sperm |
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axoneme is composed of _____ in a 9+2 array
structural proteins= movement proteins= |
MTs
nexin dynein |
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molecular basis for movement
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dynein affixed to A tubules
motor heads of dynein move along B tubules toward minus end because connected by nexins, forces generate by dynein heads cause MTs to bend |
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MTs used in chemo because?
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disrupt assembly of mitotic spindles during Mitosis and block M phase of cell cycle
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alzheimers and MTs
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neurofibrillary tangles=abnormal hyper-phosphorylated filaments of MTs associated with Tau (MT protein that stabilizes poly/inhibits depoly)
these tangles correlate with alzheimer's. role unknown. |
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