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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Applications of cytopathology
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Screening - i.e. pap smear, at risk populations (esp asymptomatic)
Dx - nearly any organ for symptomatic cancers Surveillance - i.e. bladder cancer urine cytopathology follow up Rule out cancer (why this is different from diagnosis i have no idea) |
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Cytological Methods
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Abrasive (brushing)
Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA)(imaging guidance) - initial smear to assess adequacy then cell block to Dx Exfoliative (look in fluids) *combine w/ FISH! |
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Pap Smear
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Abrasive sampling of cervix, Diff Quick stain for air dried or EtOH for Pap stain fixing
Residual material used to detect high risk HPV DNA, chlamydia, gonorrhea |
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Morphologic parameters affecting Dx
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Cell arrangement
Cell size & shape Cytoplasm Nucleus Background |
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Cell Arrangement
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groups, sheets, clusters
papillary - papillary transitional cell carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinoma, malignant mesothelioma glandular/tubular - adenocarcinoma follicles - follicular adenoma of the thyroid rosettes - retinoblastoma pearls - squamous cell carcinoma |
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Cell Size & Shape
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variable (small, large, giant)(polygonal, round, oval, elongate)
malignant neoplasms tend to vary more than benign neoplasms (some exceptions) |
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Cytoplasmic Features
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Color, texture, presence of inclusions, vacuoles, pigments, other cell products
pap smear: pink/blue keratin=orange helps identify cell type viral & chlamydial infections form inclusions KOILOCYTOTIC ATYPIA in HPV |
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Nuclear features
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Size & Shape (variation = malignancy), Chromatin (darker=hyperchromatic=cancer), Inclusions, Nucleolus (larger & numerous = malignancy)
many explanations for multinucleation |
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Extracellular Background
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Inflammation, microorganisms, cell necrosis, blood, colloid, crystals
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Cytology Report
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Should follow the Bethesda System
should contain: statement regarding adequacy of specimen, general categorization, and an interpretation |
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Normal Pap Smear
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Low Grade Intraepithelial Lesion
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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