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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cytology
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Study of the cell.
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what is the smallest structural unit of a multicellular organism?
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Cell
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What surrounds the cell?
and functions |
Cell Membrane
gives shape and structure |
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What is found inside the cell?
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Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Organelles and inclusions.
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What can vary in a cell due to its function?
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Cellular shape, size and structure
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Cell Membrane aka?
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Plasmalemma
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Cell Membrane consists of...
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two leaflets of phospholipid molecules
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Proteins associated with the lipid bilayer may be:
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integral transmembrane protein
peripheral membrane protein |
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What protects the cell from mechanical and chemical damage?
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glycocalyx coat
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Functions of the cell membrane?
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Selectively permeable (protects and gives shape)
Special receptor sites, antigen and hormones |
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Nucleus is bounded by a (1) and contains (2), nucleolus or nucleoli and a nucelar matrix.
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1- nuclear envelope
2- chromatin Nucleus is bounded by a (1) and contains (2), nucleolus or nucleoli and a nucelar matrix. |
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Neutrophil Leucocytes is an example of what?
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multilobulated
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Most nuclei are what shape?
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spherical or ovoid
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Examples of cells that contain more than one nuclei?
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osteoclasts and skeletal muscle
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What lacks nuclei?
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Mammalian erythrocytes
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What consists of 2 concentric membranes separated by a wide perinuclear space?
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Nuclear envelope
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The nuclear envelope is interrupted by (1) which provide (2) and (3) between nucleus and cytoplasm.
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1- numerous pores
2- selective 3- active transport The nuclear envelope is interrupted by (1) which provide (2) and (3) between nucleus and cytoplasm. |
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What is chromatin composed of?
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chromatin is composed of DNA, basic proteins, histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins
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What are the two forms of chromatin?
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Heterochromatin (dense, inactive)
Euchromatin (active) |
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Example of sex chromatin
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Barr Body
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Nucleolus is involved with...
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the synthesis of rRNA and its packaging into precursor of ribosomes
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Ribosomes locations?
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Freely in the cytoplasm or bound to rough ER
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Ribosomes function?
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protein synthesis
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Rough ER is found with??
Smooth ER with?? |
Rough= protein synthesis
Smooth= Lipid metabolism |
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Golgi complex consists of?
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parallel membranes bounded by flatten cisternae and associated tubules and vesicles on either side.
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Functions of Golgi complex?
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Packaging of secretory proteins.
Biosynthesis of glycoproteins, glycolipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids |
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Lysosomes
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Membrane bounded vesicles that contain various hydrolytic enzymes
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Examples of hydrolytic enzymes
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nucleases, proteases, lipases etc.
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Mitochondria
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High metabolic activity
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Mitochondria matrix contains?
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DNA and ribosomes
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Cytoskeleton is composed of...
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Microfilaments
intermediate filaments microtubules |
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Microfilamets
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Contractions. Change the shape
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Intermediate filaments
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Strength
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Microtubules
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transport of organelles and vesicles
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(?) play a major role in cell division and are the major component of the centriole
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Microtubules
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Examples of cytoplasm inclusions
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Glycogen
Lipid Melanin Hemosiderin Lipofuscin (pigment increases with age) |
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Types of intercellular junctions
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Tight Junctions
Adhering Junctions Gap Junctions |
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Tight Junctions
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(epithelial of intestine) constitutes a barrier that prevents the passage of water soluble molecules from the lumen to intercellular space and vice versa.
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Adhering Junctions aka
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Anchoring
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Three types of adhering junctions
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Zonula adherens
Desmosomes or Macula adherens hemidesmosomes |
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Zonula adherens
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type of adhering junction that is prominent in the lining cells of the intestine
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Desmosomes or Macula adherens
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type of adhering junction that is present between two adjacent cells. Transmembrane proteins increase electron dense plaqur plus filaments
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Hemidesmosomes
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Type of adhering junction that connects the cells from extracellular matrix protein
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Gap Junctions
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aka communicating Junctions
Permit the direct passage of inorganic ions and other water soluble molecules from cell to cell |
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Specialization of the free cell surface
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Cilia
Flagellum Microvilli Stereocilla |
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Cilia
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ear, fine hairs, production of mucous
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Flagellum
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single long process (present in spermatozoa)
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Microvilli
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folds in cell membrane help increase our surface area for absorption (brush border)
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Stereocilis
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Longer, rigid, more sensory function
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