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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Charles Darwin |
published The Origin of Species, which describes the theory of evolution by natural selection. This theory requires heredity to work. |
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Gregor mendel |
published Experiments in Plant Hybridization, which lays out the basic theory of genetics - it is widely ignored until 1900 |
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Friedrich Miescher |
- isolated "nucleic acid" from pus cells - nucleic acid: first called nuclein |
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Ernst Haeckel |
proved that the genetic material is indeed located in the nucleus. • for prokaryotic cell: the DNA is located in the nucleoid (nucleus-like) |
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Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, Erich von Tschermak |
Rediscovery of Mendel's work by |
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Archibald Garrod |
discovered that alkaptonuria, a human disease, has a genetic basis. (Homogenistic acid deficiency) |
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William Bateson |
Linkge between genes. Also coined word genetics |
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Reginald Punnett, Bateson |
discovered the science of genetic linkage. • They also coined the term "epistasis" to describe the interaction between two |
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Wihelm johannsen |
Coined "genes" |
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Thomas hunt morgan |
proved that genes are located on the chromosomes (using Drosophila melanogaster |
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R.A fisher |
began the study of quantitative genetics by partitioning phenotypic variance into a genetic and an environmental component. |
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Hermann J. Muller and lewis studler |
shows that Xrays induce mutations |
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Griffith experiment |
using mice and encapsulates and non-encapsulated Staphylococcus |
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Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, Maclyn McCarty |
show that DNA can transform bacteria, demonstrating that DNA is the hereditary material.• |
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Alfred hershey and Martha Chase |
Conducted an experiment that also prove DNA to be genetic material. Bacteriophages |
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James Watson and Francis Crick |
determined the structure of the DNA molecule, which leads directly to the knowledge of how it replicates. • double helix structure and 5'-3' strand |
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Marshall Waren Nirenberg |
solves the genetic code, showing that 3 DNA bases code for one amino acid |
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Reverse transcriptase |
an enzyme found in retroviruses, was discovered and was used in cloning genes |
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Stanley Cohen, Herbert Boyer, and Paul Berg |
combine DNA from tow different species in vitro, then transform it into bacterial cells: first DNA cloning |
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Frederick Sanger |
• introduced the process of sequencing the genome (set of genes of an organism) of a bacteriophage |
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Kary mulis |
• invented the process called Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - In this technique, a segment of the DNA is amplified until millions of copies are produced in just a short period of time |
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Human genome project |
Goal: To sequence and map the genome (collection of all the genes) of man |
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Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell |
They have successfully cloned Dolly the Sheep • Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell |
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2003 |
Sequence of the entire human genome is announced |
