Cvs.valvular-Heart-Disease.mksap

Front 1

What category of drugs is useful in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and systolic hypertension?

Back 1

E: Vasodilator therapy is useful.
A: vasodil

Front 2

What are the indications for valve replacement in chronic aortic regurgitation?

Back 2

E: Symptoms, LV systolic dysfunction, significant LV dilatation
A: sympt, syst, dilat

Front 3

What are the four indications for surgery in chronic mitral regurgitation?

Back 3

E: Symptoms, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary hypertension, LV systolic dysfunction
A: symp, (fib)|(AF), pulm, dysf

Front 4

Ischemic mitral regurgitation may be treated with revascularization. T/F?

Back 4

E: Fales -- revascularization alone is not helpful.
A: F

Front 5

A late peaking systolic murmur suggests what?

Back 5

E: Left ventricular outflow obstruction.
A: outflow

Front 6

A young adult has a soft S3. Is this significant?

Back 6

E: No
A: N

Front 7

The intensity of a flow murmur (increases/decreases) with Valsalva.

Back 7

E: Decreases
A: D

Front 8

Murmurs of dynamic subvalvular outflow obstruction (increase/decrease) with Valsalva.

Back 8

E: Increase
A: I

Front 9

The murmur of aortic stenosis (increases/decreases) with Valsalva.

Back 9

E: Decreases
A:D

Front 10

The murmur of pulmonic stenosis (decreases/increases) with Valsalva.

Back 10

E: Decreases
A: D

Front 11

The murmur of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation (increases/decreases) with Valsalva.

Back 11

E: Decreases
A: D

Front 12

Flow murmurs peak in the first/second half of systole.

Back 12

E: First
A: F

Front 13

Which systolic murmur is the exception to the rule which says that systolic murmurs decrease with Valsalva?

Back 13

E: Dynamic subvalvular obstruction as in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
A: H

Front 14

What is the valve area in severe aortic stenosis (cm2/m2)?

Back 14

E: 0.45 cm2/m2 of body area.
A: .45

Front 15

A mean transvalvular aortic gradient of greater than _ indicates severe aortic stenosis.

Back 15

E: 50 mm Hg
A: 50

Front 16

How often should patients with aortic stenosis have echocardiograms?

Back 16

E: Every 5 years for mild, 2 years:moderate; 1:severe
A:5,2,1

Front 17

Exercise testing is contraindicated in symptomatic aortic stenosis. T/F?

Back 17

E: True;
A:T

Front 18

Aortic valve replacement surgery should be performed in symptomatic patients who will undergo noncardiac surgery. T/F

Back 18

E:True
A:T

Front 19

What are the indications for closure of atrial septal defect in adults?

Back 19

E: The pulmonary-to-systemic shunt ratio should be greater than 1.7:1. In the case of VSD, there should be left ventricular volume overload; ASD: right ventricular volume overload.

Front 20

All PDAs associated with should be closed to reduce the risk of bacterial endocarditis. T/F?

Back 20

E: True
A:T

Front 21

What are the indications for phlebotomy in congenital heart disease?

Back 21

E: Phlebotomy is indicated only for patients who are symptomatic hyperviscosity and have Hgb greater than 65 mg/dL.
A: symp

Front 22

Which cyanotic patients are at highest risk for stroke?

Back 22

E: Patients with iron deficiency.
A: iron

Front 23

Pregnancy is strictly contraindicated in patient with Eisenmenger' syndrome. T/F?

Back 23

E: True -- maternal mortality is greater than 50%.
A: T

Front 24

Which patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease are at high risk for endocarditis, stroke and arryhthmias following surgery?

Back 24

E: Patients who have had palliative surgery in childhood.
A: palliative

Front 25

What is the best predictor for sudden death in adult patients with tetralogy of Fallot?

Back 25

E: QRS interval greater than 180.
A: QRS