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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Major organs of the trunk
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Heart
Lungs Liver Kidney Esophagus Stomach Spleen Pancreas Bowel Bladder |
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Major blood vessels of the trunk
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Aorta
Carotid arteries Vena cava Femoral veins Jugular veins |
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Thorax bones
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Thoracic vertebrae
Ribs Sternum Costal cartilage |
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Purpose of the thorax
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Protective cage around vital organs (heart, lungs, great blood vessels)
Support Breathing via muscle attachments |
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Components of the sterum
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Manubrium
Jugular notch Sternal angle Sternal body Xiphoid process |
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Manubrium
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Connected to rib 1
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Sternal angle
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Juncton between manubrium and sternal body
Marks: start and end of aortic arch |
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Sternal body
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Ribs 2-7
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Xiphoid process
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Articulates with sternal body, muscles attach
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Thoracic rib cage
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12 thoracic ribs, 12 pairs of ribs
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Types of ribs
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1-7 are true ribs
8-10 attach indrectly, don't have their own cartilage 11-12 are floating ribs |
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Nerves and blood flow
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Each rib space has:
Intercostal Vein Intercostal Artery Intercostal Nerve Order : VAN (descending) |
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Internal thoracic artery (Mammery)
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Branch from subclavian, traveling down the rib cage lateral to the sterum
Harvested to use as a conduit for CABG |
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Anterior intercostal artery
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Arises from ITA, internal thoracic artery
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Posterior intercostal artery
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Arises from thoracic aorta
Collateral blood flow with anterior and posterior intercostal arteries |
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Internal thoracic vein
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Accompanies ITA
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Anterior intercostal vein
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Runs with anterior artery
Drains into internal thoracic vein and to the brachocephalic vein |
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Posterior intercostal vein
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Runs with posterior artery
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Location of heart to the thorax
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Ribs 3-6
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Ectopia cordis
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Defect of sternum where the heart is exposed
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Pectus excavatum
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Inward funneling of the sternum
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Flail chest
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Multiple rib fractures
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Median sternotomy
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Sternum split in the midline and retracted for surgery
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Mediastinum contains:
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Heart
Great vessels Trachea Esophagus |
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Anterior mediastinum
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Internal thoracic artery
Inferior thymus Lymph nodes |
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Middle mediastinum
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Pericardial sac
Heart |
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Posterior mediastinum
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Descending thoracic aorta
Azygos system of veins Esophagus Trachea Lymph nodes |
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Superior mediastinum
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Great vessels
Aortic arch SVC Left carotid Esophagus Trachea Phrenic nerve Vagus nerve Thymus Superior lymph nodes |
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Pericardium
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Confines heart to the mediastinum
2 layers: fibrous/ serous pericardium |
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Fibrous pericardium
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Superficial
Prevents over stretching Protection Anchors heart in mediastinum |
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Serious pericardium
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Thin
Forms double layer around heart Parietal layer: outer, fused to fibrous pericardium Visceral: (epicardium) layer of heart wall Space where fluid is- pericardial cavity |
