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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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central nervous system
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the brain and spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nerves
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neuron
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structural unit of nervous system
Highly specialized to transmit messages (nerve impulses). Made up of: - cell body - dendrites: receptive regions - axons: nerve impulse generators and transmitters |
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axons
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nerve impulse generators and transmitters
conducts electrical impulses AWAY from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands |
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dendrites
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receptive region of the neuron; sensing, or listening part of the neuron
branching neuron process that serves as a receptive, or input, region; transmits an electrical signal TOWARD the cell body. |
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bipolar, interneuron
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Neuron Histology:
What is neuron type A? |
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unipolar, sensory neuron
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Neuron Histology:
What is neuron type B? |
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multipolar, motoneuron
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Neuron Histology:
What is neuron type C? |
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pyrimidal cell
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Neuron Histology:
What is neuron type D? |
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white matter
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(identify object A)
a nervous system tissue; the paler tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve fibers with their myelin sheaths |
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gray matter
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(identify object B)
a nervous system tissue; the darker tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites |
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meninges
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a series of enveloping membranes surrounding the central nervous system; include the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid
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dura mater
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(identify B)
tough outer layer of the meninges |
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pia mater
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(identify D)
delicate, inner vascularized meninges |
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arachnoid
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(identify C)
a cobwebby layer that separates the dura and pia mater |
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sense organs
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olfaction, vomeronasal organ, gustation, lateral line system, equilibrium and audition, vision
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olfactory bulb
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(identify A)
detecting chemicals and odors in the environment (aquatic or terrestrial) through moist olfactory epithelia, a brain structure located above the nasal cavity beneath the frontal lobes, gathers messages from the smell neurons and transmits them to the brain |
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vomeronasal, Jacobson's organ
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(identify A)
a chemoreceptor separate from olfaction that is used to follow food trails and find potential mates through phermones |
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gustation
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tastebuds; usually confined to the mouth and pharynx but can cover the entire body in fish
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lateral line system
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receptors which detect movement, water currents, pressure changes, etc,
A mechanoreceptor system consisting of a series of pores and receptor units (neuromasts) along the sides of the body of fishes and aquatic amphibians; detects water movements made by an animal itself and by other moving objects |
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skull
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identify A
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malleus, incus, stapes
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(identify B, C, and D)
bones of the middle ear auditory ossicles |
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auditory ossicles
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What is the grouping term for the malleus, incus, and stapes?
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semicircular canals
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(identify E)
3 fluid-filled canals in the inner ear attached to the cochlea; responsible for our sense of balance; detect movement and gravity. contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement |
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vestibular nerve
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(identify F)
nerve that conducts impulses related to maintaining balance to the brain |
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cochlear nerve
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(identify G)
branch of the auditory nerve responsible for transmitting auditory info from the cochlea to the brain |
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ear
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used for equilibrium and audition; the inner apparatus of vertabrates
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cochlea
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(identify H)
A coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses |
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eustachian tube
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(identify I)
A narrow tube between the middle ear and the throat that serves to equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum |
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round window
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(located on the cochlea, to the left of H)
a membrane-covered opening in the inner wall of the middle ear that compensates for changes in cochlear pressure. releases the pressure |
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oval window
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(identify J)
Opening in bone structure surrounding cochlea; stapes presses against membrane behind it to transmit sound into cochlear fluid. |
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eardrum
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(identify K)
tightly stretched membrane located at the end of the ear canal that vibrates when struck by sound waves; tympanic membrane |
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ear canal
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(identify L)
a narrow region leading from the outside of the human ear to the eardrum; funnels sound waves towards ear drum |
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pinna (outer ear)
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(identify M)
flexible outer flap of the ear, which channels sound waves into the ear cannal |
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vision
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with the exception of animals that have secondarily lost their vision (burrowing or cave-dwelling species) all vertebrates have bilateral, image-forming eyes
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sclera
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(identify A)
dense fibrous, protective, opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea; containing collagen and elastic fibers; known as the white or white of the eye |
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choroid
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(identify B)
A highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera in the uveal tract. Provides nourishment to the retina |
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retina
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(identify C)
Light sensitive layer of the eye; contains rods and cones |
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optic disc (blind spot)
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(identify D)
site where optic nerve leaves the eye and lacks photoreceptors |
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optic nerve
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(identify E)
The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain |
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cilliary body
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(identify F)
Contains a ring of muscles that surround the lens and control its shape |
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suspensory ligament
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(identify G)
Attaches the lens to the ciliary body and hold it in place. |
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iris
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(identify H)
A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening. |
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cornea
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(identify I)
Contained in the sclera. It is transparent to allow light rays to pass into the eye. It has a curved surface that allows it to bend the entering light waves to focus them on the surface of the retina. |
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pupil
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(identify J)
Behind the cornea; Opening in the center of the iris that permits light to pass into the rear chamber of the eye; Is adjusted to control the amount of light that enters the eye |
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lens
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(identify K)
Behind the pupil; focuses the incoming rays into an image on the eyes light sensitive back surface |
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aqueous humor
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(identify L)
A clear, watery fluid that fills the space between the cornea and iris. |
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vitreous humor
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(identify M)
jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape |
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cerebrum
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identify 1 on the dogfish
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cerebellum
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identify 2 on the dogfish
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spinal cord
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identify 3 on the dogfish
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medulla
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identify 4 on the dogfish
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optic lobe
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identify 5 on the dogfish
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nostrils
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identify A on the dogfish
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ampullae of lorenzini
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(identify B) on the dogfish
nerve receptors found in a shark's snout which sense the electric fields generated by the muscles of fish and other potential prey. |
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pupil, cornea, sclera
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identify A, B, and C on the dogfish
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right cerebral hemisphere
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identify A on the mudpuppy
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left cerebral hemisphere
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identify B on the mudpuppy
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cerebellum and medulla oblongata
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identify C on the mudpuppy
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spinal cord
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identify D on the mudpuppy
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eyes
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identify E on the mudpuppy
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cerebral hemisphere
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identify A on the mammal brain
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parietal lobe
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identify B on the mammal brain
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gyrus
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identify D on the mammal brain
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sulcus
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identify E on the mammal brain
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dura and arachnoid matter
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identify C on the mammal brain
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temporal lobe
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identify K on the mammal brain
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occipital lobe
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identify H on the mammal brain
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cerebellum
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identify I on the mammal brain
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medulla oblongata
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identify J on the mammal brain
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frontal lobe
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identify G on the mammal brain
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longitudinal fissure
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identify F on the mammal brain
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spinal cord
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identify 1 on the mammal brain
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cerebellum
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identify 2 on the mammal brain
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arbor vitae
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identify 3 on the mammal brain
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inferior colliculus
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identify 4 on the mammal brain
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superior colliculus
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identify 5 on the mammal brain
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pineal gland
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identify 6 on the mammal brain
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cerebrum
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identify 7 on the mammal brain
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corpus callosum
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identify 9 on the mammal brain
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olfactory bulb
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identify 11 on the mammal brain
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optic chiasm
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identify 12 on the mammal brain
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thalamus
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identify 13 on the mammal brain
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pituitary gland
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identify 14 on the mammal brain
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pons
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identify 16 on the mammal brain
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medulla oblongata
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identify 19 on the mammal brain
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endocrine system
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glands that secrete hormones that act as regulatory chemicals and control cellular activities
known collectively as a system but in many cases they do not physically contact one another |
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pituitary gland
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located at the base of the brain; controls other endocrine glands and influences growth, metabolism, and maturation
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pineal gland
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located on diencephalon; secretes melatonin
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adrenal gland
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located near the kidneys; secrete many hormones including cortisol
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thymus
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in the neck; produces T-cells
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thyroid
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located in the neck; regulates growth and development through metabolism
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pancreas (endocrine function)
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produces glucagon and insulin
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ovaries and testes (endocrine function)
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produce estrogen and testosterone
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placenta (endocrine function)
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produces hormones that aid in gestation and health of fetus and birth
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