Cva

Front 1

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Back 1

Sudden lost of neurological function caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain

Front 2

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

Back 2

Temporary interruption of blood flow to brain, symptoms resolve quickly (within 24 hours), few if any permanent signs or symptoms and precursor to stroke

Front 3

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Back 3

Blood vessels rupture, blood leaks into the brain

Front 4

Ischemic Stroke

Back 4

A clot blocks of impairs blood flow to the brain. Can result from a thrombosis or embolus. Most common type of stroke.

Front 5

Thrombosis

Back 5

Results from platelet adhesions and aggregation on plaques

Front 6

Embolus

Back 6

Dislodged matter, blood clot, plaque, fat, gas, air, tissue that dislodges in the body and travels to the brain occluding cerebral circulation

Front 7

Severity and symptoms of stroke

Back 7

depends on location of ischemic process, size of the ischemic area, nature and function of structures involved and availability of collateral flow

Front 8

ACA Syndrome

Back 8

Contralateral sensory and motor loss with LEs affected more than UEs; Urinary incontinence; Mental impairment (confusion, amnesia); Apraxia affecting ability to imitate or perform bimanual tasks; Abulia (lack of desire to carry out an action), slowness, delayed movements, lack of spontaneous movements; behavioral movements

Front 9

MCA Syndrome

Back 9

Contraleteral hemiparesis of face and UE mainly; Pure motor hemiplegia (lacunar stroke); Contralateral hemisensory loss of face and UE mainly; speech impairment: Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, global aphasis; perceptual deficits: unilateral neglect, depth perception difficulties, agnosia; apraxia; ataxia of contralateral limbs; contralateral hemianopsia

Front 10

PCA syndrome

Back 10

Contralateral sensory and motor loss; hemianopsia; visual agnosia, prosopagnosia and cortical blindness; oculomotor nerve palsy; involuntary movement: choreathetosis, intention tremor, hemiballismus; thalamic pain; pusher syndrome

Front 11

Vertebrobasilar Artery Syndrome

Back 11

Wide variety of symptoms with ipsilateral and contralateral signs; numerous cerebellar and cranial nerve abnormalities

Front 12

Internal Carotid Artery Syndrome

Back 12

Complete occlusion leads to increased cerebral edema = coma and possible death; incomplete occlusion = mix of ACA and MCA syndromes; supplies both the MCA and ACA

Front 13

Lacunar Syndrome

Back 13

Contralateral weakness; sensory loss; dystonia/involuntary movement: Choreathetosis, hemiballismus; ataxia; caused by small vessel disease deep in cerebral white matter

Front 14

CVA Major Risk Factors: Primary

Back 14

Atherosclerosis, HTN, heart disease, diabetes, smoking, TIA

Front 15

CVA Major Risk Factors: Secondary

Back 15

Obesity, hypercholesteremia, physical inactivity, increased alcohol consumption

Front 16

Stroke Warning Signs

Back 16

Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body; sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding; sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes; sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination; sudden, severe headache with no known cause

Front 17

CVA Medical Management

Back 17

Reestablish cerebral circulation and oxygenation, control blood pressure, maintain sufficient cardiac output, restore/ maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, maintain blood glucose levels, control ICP, maintain bladder function, maintain integrity of skin and joints

Front 18

Pharmacological Management

Back 18

Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, antihypertensives

Front 19

Surgical Intervention

Back 19

Endarterectomy, in the case of hemorrhage: surgery to repair rupture, prevent further bleeding evacuate the clot, resection of unruptured AVM if found and risk is high

Front 20

Endarterectomy

Back 20

Surgical removal of lining and plaque in an artery, used to prevent strokes

Front 21

Asterognosis

Back 21

The inability to identify an object by touch without visual input

Front 22

Hemianopsia

Back 22

Blindness in half of each eye's visual field (loss on the nasal side and half on temple side)

Front 23

AVM - Ateriovenous malformation

Back 23

Congenital defect; tortuous tangle of arteries and veins; thin walls of blood vessels eventually rupture

Front 24

Aneurysm

Back 24

Abnormal balloon like bulge in the artery wall that weakens and ruptures causing a hemorrhage

Front 25

Apraxia

Back 25

difficulty carrying out a purposeful movement despite having the physical abilities to perform the movements; motor planning difficulties

Front 26

Oculomotor nerve palsy

Back 26

will result in a characteristic down and out position of the affected eye

Front 27

Pusher syndrome

Back 27

pushing towards the hemiparetic eye

Front 28

Motor praxis

Back 28

ability to plan and execute coordinated movements

Front 29

Ideational

Back 29

inability of the patient to produce movement either on command or automatically and represents a complete breakdown in the conceptualization of the task

Front 30

Ideomotor

Back 30

unable to produce a movement on command but is able to move automatically

Front 31

Basal Ganglia involvement

Back 31

slow movements (bradykinesia) and involuntary movements (choreaoathetosis, hemiballismus)

Front 32

Vertibular Dysfunction

Back 32

Vertigo: patient is moving, environment is moving; imbalance; faintness; lightness

Front 33

Aphasia

Back 33

an acquired communication disorder caused by brain damage and is characterized by an impairment of language comprehension, formulation and use

Front 34

Receptive Aphasia

Back 34

Wernicke's/sensory/fluent aphasia, auditory and reading comprehension impaired, speech is functional

Front 35

Expressive Apshasia

Back 35

Broca's/nonfluent aphasia, difficulty finding works to express ideas

Front 36

Global Apshasia

Back 36

Receptive and Expressive

Front 37

Dysarthria

Back 37

Nasal quality of speech, slurred words

Front 38

Dysphonia

Back 38

Difficulty producing sounds

Front 39

Dysphagia

Back 39

Difficulty in swallowing

Front 40

Body Scheme

Back 40

relationship of body parts to one another as well as the body's relationship to the environment

Front 41

Body image

Back 41

visual and mental image of one's body may be altered following a stroke; includes the individual's feelings about this image

Front 42

Unilateral Neglect

Back 42

visual recognition or attention on involved side, limb neglect or attention on involved side

Front 43

Anosognosia

Back 43

denial, neglect or unawareness of one's paralysis

Front 44

Somatognosia

Back 44

lack of awareness of one's body structure and its relationship to the environment

Front 45

Agnosia

Back 45

inability to recognize incoming information despite intact sensory capabilities: visual auditory and tactile (astereoagnosia)

Front 46

Spatial relationship

Back 46

difficulty determining the relationship between the body and 2 or more objects in the environment

Front 47

Attention

Back 47

ability to select and attend to a specific stimulus while simultaneously suppressing extraneous stimuli

Front 48

Executive function

Back 48

those capacities that enable a person to engage in purposeful behaviors, include volition, planning, purposeful action, and effective performance, prefrontal cortex usually affected

Front 49

Confabulation

Back 49

memory gaps are filled with inappropriate words or fabricated stories

Front 50

Perservation

Back 50

abnormal compulsive and inappropriate repetition of words or behaviors; observed in patients with diseases of the frontal lobes of the brain or schizophrenia

Front 51

Multi-Infarct Dementia

Back 51

deteriorative mental state characterized by reduction in intellectual faculties; the result of small strokes

Front 52

Delirium

Back 52

a clouding of consciousness with dulling of cognitive processes and general impairment of alertness; patients may demonstrate confusion, agitation, disorientation, and illusions or hallucination

Front 53

Apathy

Back 53

shallow affect and blunted emotional reponse

Front 54

Euphoria

Back 54

exaggerated feelings of well-being

Front 55

Depression

Back 55

loss of energy, fatigue, an inability to concentrate, decreased interest in daily life, changes in weight and sleep patterns, anxiety, thoughts of death or suicide

Front 56

Left Hemispheric Damage

Back 56

Difficulties in communication, difficulty in processing information, cautious, anxious, disorganized, often very aware of impairments

Front 57

Right Hemispheric Damage

Back 57

Difficulty in spatial-perceptual tasks, difficulty with grasping overall idea of task or activity, quick, impulsive, overestimate their abilities, poor judgement

Front 58

Right Hemisphere CVA

Back 58

right facial involvement, left side weakness or paralysis, hemianopsia, decreased awareness and judgement, memory deficits, inattention and less reasoning, emotional labile, impulsive behaviors

Front 59

Left Hemisphere CVA

Back 59

left facial involvement, right side weakness, aphasia, motor apraxia, dysphagia, hemianopsia

Front 60

Stroke Rehabilitation Acute Phase

Back 60

Early mobilization: minimize deconditioning, functional reorganization is promoted, learned nonuse is minimized; Reinforce a positive outlook: decreased incidence of depression, apathy and mental deterioration; early presentation of rehabilitation, monitor for potential medical emergencies

Front 61

Stroke Rehabilitation Post-Acute Phase

Back 61

Triage: inpatient rehabilitation, TCU, SNF; Progression to home care, outpatient PT; assisting with return to work, recreation, social activites

Front 62

Stance Phase Trunk/Pelvis

Back 62

forward trunk: weak hip extension, flexion contracture

Front 63

Swing Phase Trunk/Pelvis

Back 63

decreased pelvic rotation: weak abdominal mm; leaning towards the stronger side to clear the weaker side foot from the floor OR; backward leaning of trunk: both may be due to weak hip flexors

Front 64

Stance Phase Hip

Back 64

Poor hip (adduction or flexion), trendelenger limp: weak abductors, scissoring: spastic adductors

Front 65

Swing Phase Hip

Back 65

Inadequate hip flexion: weak hip flexors, poor proprioception, spastic quadriceps, abdominal weakness

Front 66

Stance Phase Knee

Back 66

Excessive knee flexion: flaccid or weak LE, especially hip and knee extensors, poor PPC, flexion contracture; Hyperextension of knee: increased tone of LE, quadricep spasticity, weakness of gluteus maximus, hamstings and quads, PF contracture past 90 deg, impared PPC

Front 67

Swing Phase Knee

Back 67

Decreased knee flexion: increased LE extensor tone, spastic quadriceps, inadequate hip flexion and poor foot clearance, circumduction or hiking pattern often seen as a result; Exaggerated, delayed knee flexion: strong flexor synergy; inadequate knee extension at intitial stance: spastic hamstrings, sustained total flexor pattern, weak knee extensors

Front 68

Stance Phase Ankle/Foot

Back 68

Equinus gait - heel does not touch down: spastic or contracture of gastrocs; varus foot - weight is on the lateral side of the foot: spastic tibialis anterior, posterior tibialis, toe flexors, soleus; Unequal step length: hammer toes can cause pain with WB an prevent a full step forward with opposite leg - increased flexor tone in to muscles, lack of DF ROM on affected side

Front 69

Swing Phase Ankle/Foot

Back 69

Persistent equinus or varus or a combination of the 2 (equinovarus): weak DF may contribute to this in addition to spastic muscles; exaggerated DF strong synergy pattern