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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a DAD?
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Delayed Afterdepolarization
-Secondary depolarizations that arise from the fully repolarized membrane |
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How are the amplitudes of DADs enhanced?
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Rapid Stimulation
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DADs are observed in states of _______
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Ca++ Overload
*Common in digitalis toxicity |
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Arrythmias dependent on DADs may be initiated by premature stimulation of _____________
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overdrive suppression
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Which disease processes can lead to sinus node dysfunction?
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HTN
Ischemia Infiltrative/Inflammatory processes (Amyloidosis/Sarcoidosis) Normal Aging Process |
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Name some important ECG findings in AV Node Reentrant Tachycardia
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**Pseudo S-Wave** --> HALLMARK
Pseudo R' P wave moves into tail-end of QRS |
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Which AV Nodal pathway do you want to target in order to treat AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia?
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SLOW PATHWAY
**Burn Right Inferior Extension** |
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What 3 anatomical regions make up the Triangle of Coch that houses the AV node?
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Septal Leaflet of Tricuspid Valve
Tendon of Todaro Os of coronary sinus |
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Define PAROXYSMAL A-fib
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Episodic AF that converts to NSR spontaneously
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Define PERSISTENT A-fib
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Episodic AF that terminates only after intervention
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Define PERMANENT A-fib
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AF that resists attempts to restore normal rhythm.
**AF can also be termed permanent when pt. and physcian determine that attempts to restore to normal rhythm should not be made |
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Define "LONE" A-fb
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Patients with AF who are <60 yo with no underlying cardiac abnormality
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What anatomical changes reinforce the likelihood that A-Fib will persist? (3)
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-Dilation of Atria
-Myofibrillar disarray and fibrosis -Marked shortening of atrial refractory periods |
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ACEi's may prevent AF by reducing _____
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Fibrosis
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what does the acronym CHADS2 Stand for?
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CHF
HTN Age >75 Diabetes Stroke |
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If a patient has one of the first 4 risk factors in CHADS2, what is their score?
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ONE POINT is given when one of the first 4 risk factors is present
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How many points are given if there is a history of stroke?
(CHADS2) |
2
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If a patient has a CHADS2 score less than or equal to one, what is the most acceptable tx?
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Aspirin
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If a patient has a CHADS2 score greater than or equal to 2, what tx is indicated?
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Warfarin
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Atrial Flutter
Radiofrequency ablation along the ________ interrupts the atrial flutter circuit and cures the tachycardia |
CAVOTRICUSPID ISTHMUS
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Does supression of nonsustained VT and PVC improve survival in pt's with CAD and previous MI?
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NO, antiarrhythmics DO NOT improve survival
**depending on drug, mortality may worsen due to proarrhythmia and adverse drug interactions in pt's when myocardial ischemia, MI, myocardial dysfunction, CHF and/or hypertrophy is present |
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What is the most common cardiac arrythmia?
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A-Fib
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How do ACEi's help prevent A-fib?
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They decrease fibrosis
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What % of people greater than 80 years old have A-fib?
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10%
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What is a Non-sustained VT?
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>/= 3 consecutive ventricular beats >/=100bpm that DO NOT lead to hemodynamic collapse
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What are the 2 requirements for reentry?
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Slow Conduction
Unidirectional Block |
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What causes "Sick Sinus Syndrome"?
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Idiopathic Degeneration of SA node
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What is the most common cause of AV nodal disease?
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Idiopathic Fibrosis --> Age related
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What is a pseudo S wave?
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Hallmark sign of AV nodal Reentry Tachycardia
*Inverted P wave within the S wave* *No P wave before QRS* |
