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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why does the left ventricle have a much larger muscle mass than the right ventricle?
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There is a GREATER COMPLIANCE of the right side arterioles which means there is LESS RESISTANCE to flow than the left side
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What is the average pressure on the left side of the heart?
Right side? |
120/80
18/9 |
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Normal resting metabolic needs can be met with a blood flow of _____cc/min
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5000
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What is the name for the ventricle's ability to respond to increased pressure resistance and maintain normal blood flow?
What is it called when this method fails and there is reduced blood flow inadequate to meet metabolic needs? |
Compensation
Cardiac failure |
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Left sided heart failure will first produce symptoms in the ____ while right sided heart failure will produce symptoms in the ____
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lungs
organs |
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In left sided heart failure, _____ pressure approaches _____ pressure in the venous end of capillaries resulting in extravascular water accumulation
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hydrostatic
osmotic |
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What is edema of the pulmonary wall causing mild to moderate symptoms?
What is the more advanced version with fluid in the alveolar space replacing air? |
Pulmonary congestion
Pulmonary edema |
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What is Orthopnea?
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When dyspnea is worse while the patient is lying down
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What is hemoptysis?
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When pulmonary capillaries rupture, mixing blood with alveolar fluid (patient is coughing up bloody sputum)
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The detrimental effects of L ventricular failure are:
1) Activation of what system? 2) Increased release of what? 3) Increased activation of what neurohormone? |
Renin-Angiotensin system - causes vasoconstriction
Aldosterone from the adrenals causing increased blood volume ultimately Sympathetics increased |
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What beneficial hormonal effects come from L ventricular failure?
1) __ released from endothelial cells 2) ______ vasodilators increase in production 3) What natural hormone is released? |
Nitric Oxide
Prostaglandin ANP (atrial), BNP( ventricular), CNP (endothelial) |
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What hormone is rapidly produced in the left ventricle as a response to volume and pressure overload? It is a cardiac failure predictor and corresponds with the level of symptoms
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BNP
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Treatment for left heart failure are...
Rest, oxygen Drug that reduces sympathetics? Drug that reduces blood volume? Drug that increases force of contraction? (controversial) Drug that is antihypertensive and decreases HR? |
beta blockers
diuretics inotropic ACE inhibitors |
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Right Ventricular Failure Causes:
____ ______ failure _____ disease constrictive pericarditis ____ deformities |
left ventricular
pulmonary disease (destroys capillary beds) valve |
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What is "nutmeg liver" and what causes it?
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It's caused by right ventricular failure... increased systemic venous pressure produces systemic edema. Hepatomegaly and atrophy of hepatic cells in center of lobule due to chronic passive congestion of liver
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