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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Phen- (+) -amine"
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Non-Selective α BLOCKERS
Not used for hypertension USED FOR PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA |
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"-sin"
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Selective α1 BLOCKERS
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Explain the 1st Dose Effect caused by Selective α1 BLOCKERS
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Severe orthostatic hypotension with syncope when beginning tx. (long-term= little orthostatic hypotension)
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MOA: Selective α1 BLOCKERS
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**Arteries**
Block α1-->vasodilation--> ↓PVR Veins Block α1-->vasodilation--> ↓ Venous return |
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Selective α1 BLOCKERS can cause Edema (Salt and water retention by kidneys)
What drug can you give to counteract this? |
Labetalol (α & β BLOCKER)
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MOA: α & β ANTAGONISTS (Labetalol)
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PARTIAL AGONIST--> β2
**BLOCKS α1 & β1** Blocking α1--> Vasodilation--> ↓PVR Blocking β1--> Little effect on HR and CO d/t REFLEXES |
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This drug (a partial agonist), is contraindicated in patients with asthma
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Labetalol
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Explain why Labetalol can cause bronchospasm
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PARTIAL AGONIST-->β2
**β2 blockade can block binding of EPI** |
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In order to decrease side effects, Clonidine is given via ___________
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transdermal patch
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Centrally Acting α2 AGONISTS
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Clonidine and Methyldopa
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MOA: Centrally Acting α2 AGONISTS
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Lipid soluble agents that access the CNS where they activate α2 receptors and reduce SNS outflow from vasopressor centers in brainstem, ↓PVR, HR & CO
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This drug is used to treat hypertension during pregnancy
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Methyldopa
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α2 receptors are ___________?
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INHIBITORY
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This drug can produce a False positive Coomb's Test result
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Methyldopa
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This drug causes:
-Sedation -Dry Mouth - Depression -Impotence |
Clonidine
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Abrupt withdrawal from Clonidine can cause:
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**Rebound Hypertension**
- Nervousness, tachycardia, headache and sweating |
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These two drugs treat hypertension by directly vasodilating arteries
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Hydralazine
Minoxidil |
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Side effects of this drug include: -Lupus-like syndrome
-Fever, arthraligia, skin rashes |
Hydralazine
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MOA: Minoxidil
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Minoxidil--> activates K+ channels on arterial smooth muscle--> hyperpolarization--> Arterial smooth m. relaxation --> ↓PVR & BP
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A side effect of this drug is Hypertrichosis (lots of hair)
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Minoxidil
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What drugs do you need to combine with Minoxidil or Hydralazine to compensate for the body's reflex efforts to raise blood pressure?
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combine w/ DIURETIC & β BLOCKER
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MOA: Nitroprusside
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Nitroprusside-->NO--> ↑cGMP--> Arterial and Venous VASODILATION
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Nitroprusside vasodilates ______
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Arteries and Veins
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Chronic use --> Cyanide and thiocyanide toxicity
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Nitroprusside
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Vasodilating drugs can cause hypotension which leads to:
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- Headache
- N/V - Dizziness - Palpitations |
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What drug produces controlled hypotension during surgery?
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Nitroprusside
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Drugs specifically used to treat hypetensive urgencies are __ and ___
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given orally and have a long onset
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ACE INHIBITOR used for Hypertensive Urgency
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Captopril
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α2 AGONIST used for Hypertensive Urgency
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Clonidine
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α and β BLOCKER used for Hypertensive Urgency
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Labetalol
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CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER used for Hypertensive Urgency
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Nifedipine
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Drugs used for Hypertensive Emergencies are all given ____
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IV (Parenteral)
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Calcium Channel Blockers used for treating Hypertensive Emergencies
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-Nicardipine--> contraindicated w/ heart failure
-Clevidipine |
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ACE INHIBITOR used for treating Hypertensive Emergencies
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Enalapril
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α BLOCKER used for treating Hypertensive Emergencies
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Phentolamine
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β BLOCKERS used for treating Hypertensive Emergencies
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Esmolol
Propanolol |
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α & β BLOCKER used for treating Hypertensive Emergencies
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Labetalol
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DIRECT VASODILATORS used for treating Hypertensive Emergencies
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Hydralazine
Nitroprusside |
