Cv Disease: Plaque To Patient

Front 1

Stable vs Unstable Angina

Back 1

Stable:
- usually occurs during exertion
- doesn't come as a surprise
- episodes of pain tend to be alike
- usually lasts a short time (10-15mins)
- is relieved by rest or medicine
- may feel like gas or indigestion but "higher in the chest"
- may feel like chest pain that spreads to the arms, back, or other areas

Unstable:
- often occurs at rest, sleeping, or little physical exertion
- comes as a surprise or change in usual pattern
- more severe and lasts longer than stable angina (as long as 30 mins)
- usually not relieved by rest or medicine
- may get worse over time "crescendo"
- may lead to myocardial necrosis - heart attack

Front 2

Variant Angina
"Prinzmetal's Angina"
- when does it usually occur?
- how severe?
- caused by what?
- relieved by what?

Back 2

- usually occurs at rest and during the night or early morning hours
- tends to be severe
- caused by vasospasm
- relieved by nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers

Front 3

Microvascular Angina
- usually a diagnosis post cardiac cath
- more likely in the face of DM/HT/LVH
- severity and length?
- associated signs/symptoms?
- often first noticed during routine daily activities and times of mental stress

Back 3

- may be more severe and last longer than other types of angina pain
- may occur with shortness of breath, sleep problems, fatigue, and lack of energy

Front 4

Differentiating heart of gut symptoms.
- character?
- location?
- events (associations)?
- associated symptoms/signs?
- relieving drugs?

Back 4

Gut:
- character - more burning
- location - very low sternum and epigastria
- events (associations) - food and less likely with exertion - stooping over
- associated symptoms/signs - less likely to have the ones associated with Angina - water brash common but not always
- relieving drugs- antacid and PPI, often relief with nitroglycerin so if suspected, try antacid first!

Front 5

When is asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease suspected during a clinical exam?

Back 5

lower extremity pedal pulses (the pressure)
Ankle Brachial Index

Front 6

2 major categories of stroke?

Back 6

ischemic and hemorrhagic

Front 7

5 causes of ischemic stroke? (last one tricky)

Back 7

1. thrombosis
2. embolism
3. systemic hypoperfusion (e.g. shock) - watershed areas
4. venous thrombosis
5. without obvious explanation - "cryptogenic" - 30-40% of ischemic strokes