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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does "VINDICATE" stand for (used to develop DDx)?
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V-vascular
I-infection/inflammatory N-neoplasm primary or secondary) D-drugs, toxins, degenerative I-idiopathic, iatrogenic C-congenital, developmental, inherited A-autoimmune, allergy, anatomic T-trauma E-endocrine, metabolic, environmental exposure |
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What is metabolic syndrome?
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DM, HTN, increased lipids
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How do you differentiate claudication from varicose veins?
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varicose veins will hurt more when legs are dependent (i.e. dangling when sitting)
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What are some ways to differentiate between s/s from claudication vs. spinal stenosis?
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1. pain from spinal stenosis is variable w/distance while claudication distance is fixed
2. spinal stenosis pain improves w/stooping |
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How can you differentiate between claudication and diabetic neuropathy?
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diabetic neuropathy will show more burning, tingling, or numbness and it gets worse at night
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What are the sites of claudication and the areas they affect?
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1. upper 2/3 calf-superficial femoral a.
2. lower 1/3 calf-popliteal a. 3. foot-tibial or peroneal a. |
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What is Leriche Syndrome?
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claudication in buttocks that affects heavy smokers 30-40's
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PAD will not show rubor w/dependency. What does this mean?
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normally, when you put up the feet, they will turn pink-white; in PAD, they will turn white
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What is the ABI? What does it tell you?
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1. ankle-brachial index
2. <0.9=PAD; 1.0-1.3=normal; >1.3, then calcified vessel |
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What might a peaked t-wave indicate? Why is this significant?
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1. hyperkalemia
2. peaked t-waves->sin t-waves->v-tach->v-fib |
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T or F: tombstoning affects short term outcome of MI, but not long term outcome.
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true (short term is poor prognosis)
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What leads will show an inferior wall MI? Anterior? Lateral?
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1. II, III, aVF
2. V1-V4 3. I, aVL, V5-V6 |
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What % of MI's are pain-free?
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30%
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Which spinal segments will show evidence of MI?
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T3-T6
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What does T2 segment affect? T7?
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1. lungs
2. GI |
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What are the PSNS segments?
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C3-C7
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How do you grade pitting edema?
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1+ doesn’t pit long (1-3 seconds)
2+ pits a bit longer (4-6 seconds) 3+ stays 7-10 seconds 4+ stays longer than 10 seconds |
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How do you measure JVD?
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1. have patient turn head to 45 degree angle-JV should be flat
2. if elevated, measure from sternal notch to JVD (normal= <4cm; >4cm =abnormal) |
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When would you anticoagulate a patient with a-fib?
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if a-fib present <48 hours, you would anticoagulate after giving CCB's (control HR first)
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What BNP level is diagnostic for HF?
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>500
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What should you titrate IV furosemide to?
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urine output 500ml/hr (250ml/hr in renal problems)
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T or F: CHF may be improved by techniques that enhance lymph flow such as pectoralis traction.
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true
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Pulmonary lymphatics empty where?
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right lymphatic duct
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Pulmonary edema may result from lymph dysfunction where?
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diaphragmatic flattening
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