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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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mitral regurg
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holosystolic high pitched blowing murmur
loudest at apex; often radiates to L axilla |
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aortic stenosis
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cres/decres systolic ejection murmur following ejection click. LV >> aortic pressure during systole; radiates to carotids, apex
heard best in 2-3rd right interspace close to sternum |
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VSD
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holosystolic murmur best heard along L lower sternal border and generally radiates to R lower sternal border
may be best heard at 4-6 L intercostal spaces |
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mitral prolapse
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late systolic murmur with midsystolic click. most frequent valvular lesion
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aortic regurg
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immediate high pitched blwoing diastolic murmur; wide pulse pressure
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mitral stenosis
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follows opening snap; delayed rumbling late diastolic murmur. LA >> LV pressure during diastole
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tricuspid stenosis
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gets louder with inspiration
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PDA
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continuous machine like murmur
loudest at S2 |
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syphillis
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aortic regurg or aortic stenosis
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endocarditis
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mitral regurg or mitral stenosis
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breathing
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increases blood to R heart, decreases blood to L heart
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pulmonic regurg
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early diastoic decres mumur heard best along the L sternum
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pulmonic stenosis
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cres/decres systolic murmur best heart in 2-3rd L interspaces close to sternum
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tricuspid regurg
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pansystolic murmur best heard along the L lower sternal border and generally radiates to right lower sternal border
hear at 4-6 IC spaces |
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losartan
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fetal renal toxicity, hyperkalemia
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captopril, enalapril, fosinopril
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hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), rash, increased renin, lower AT II
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nitroprusside
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cyanide toxicity (releases CN)
decreases preload and afterload bitter almond taste, inhibits ETC |
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hydralaxine
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nausea, headache, lupus-like syndrome, reflex tachycardia, angina, salt retention
decreases afterload dilates arterioles more than veins |
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minoxidil
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hypertrichosis, pericardial effusion, reflex tachy, angina, salt retention
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nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine, nisoldipine
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dizziness, flushing, constipation, nausea
decreases preload only |
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beta blockers
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impotence, asthma, bradycardia, CHF, av block, CNS effects (sedation, sleep alterations)
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prazosin
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1st dose ortho hypotension, dizziness, HA
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guanethidine
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ortho and exercise hypotension, sexual dysfunction, diarrhea
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reserpine
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sedation, depression, nasal stuffiness, diarrhea
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hexamethonium
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severe ortho hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction
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methyldopa
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sedation, positive coombs test
safe in pregnancy |
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clonidien
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dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound hypertension
used in insomnia with ADHD bradycardia esp with b blocker centrally acting alpha ag |
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loop diuretics
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K wasting, met alka, hypotenion, ototoxicity
loops lose Ca |
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hydrochlorothiazide
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hypokalemia, slight hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, lassitude, hyperCa, hyperglycemia
1st line gouty arthritis |
