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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are properties of organisms within the Fungal kingom?
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Non-motile
Eukaryotic Cell walls No chlorophyll Reproduce sexually from spores |
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What is the characteristic morphological feature of molds?
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Hyphae: multiceullar branching filaments
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What is a mycelium?
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Masses of hyphae; grossly, fuzzy growth.
Found in molds |
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What is a conidi?
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Axequal reproductive structure on the top/sides of hyphae.
Breaks off to cause dsease |
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What is the characteristic morphological feature of yeast?
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Round, ovoid cells.
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What is the mechanism of yeast reproduction?
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Budding!
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What is a pseudohyphae? What type of organism produces this?
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A string of attached cells produced by budding yeast
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What is unique to dimorphic fungi?
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They have two different morphologies: one in the body and another in the environment.
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What is the "skeletal" structure of fungi
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Outside--> Inside
Cell wall Cell membrane |
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What is a unique component of the fungal cell wall that is commonly a target of antifungal drugs?
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Ergosterol - a sterol derivative
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Are fungi mostly aerobic or anaerobic?
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Aerobic
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What is the mechanism by which fungi obtain nurients?
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Consuming dead matter in the environment
Bumming off of us! |
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What are ideal growth conditions for fungi?
(Temperature, pH?) |
Can grow from 25-50 C, prefer 25-35; human pathogens at 37
pH < 6 |
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What are some of the problems in the laboratory with culturing fungi?
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They grow S-L-O-W!
Often, there's contamination by fungi that are all over the place |
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What is the one type of fungi that infects the skin?
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Malassezia furfur
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What part of the body does Malassezia furfur live on?
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The skin!
Think furfur: fur is on the SKIN! |
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Where in this part of the body does Malassezia furfur live?
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Skin
Inside the stratum corneum. |
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What are the clinical diseases caused by Malassezia furfur?
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Tinea versicolor
Suborrheic dermatitis |
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Tinea versicolor is caused by what pathogen?
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Malassezia furfur
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What is the appearance of Tinea versicolor?
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Depigmentation of dark skin.
Typically on the back. |
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What is a fungi that can cause Suborrheic dermatitis?
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Malassezia furfur
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What type of an organism is Malassezia furfur
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Yeast-like organism
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What is the presentation of a patient with Seborrheic dermatitis?
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Red, flaky, itchy skin.
Typically localized to places where there are sebaceous glands Can show up in the head, back, etc. |
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What molds can cause cutaneous mycoses?
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Trichophyton
Microsporum Epidermophyton |
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What kind of an organism is Trichophyton? Where does it infect?
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Mold
The skin |
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What kind of an organism is Microsporum? Where does it infect?
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Mold
The skin |
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What kind of an organism is Microsporum? Where does it infect?
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A fungus. The skin. "Ringworm"
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What is a typical host for an infection by a cutaneous mycoses?
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Healthy male
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What areas of the body are typically targeted by a cutaneous mold?
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Feet
Genital area Hair shafts Nails |
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What is the colloquial term for an infection by a cutenous mold? Why is this wrong?
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Ringworm
THERE AREN'T ANY WORMS! |
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Where is Tinea capitis localized? What are the symptoms?
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The head!
Reversible hair loss |
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What is the location of tenia corporus?
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The body
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What is the location for tinea cruris? What is the colloquial name of this?
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Genital area
"Jock itch" |
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What population is typically affected by Tinea cruris?
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Men!
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Whhat is the location of a tinea pedis infection?
What is its colloquial name? |
The feet
Athletes foot |
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What is the location of Tinea unguum/onchomycosis?
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The nails
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What is the method of treatment for Tinea unguum? Why?
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Systemic drugs; can't get to the infection with topical creams.
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What is the treatment for a cutaneous mold infection?
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Creams or pills
Itriconizol/Sporinox Turbinifen/Lanamicil |
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What is an example of a fungi that can cause a subcutaneous mycoses?
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Sporothrix schenckii
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What kind of disease does Sporothrix schenckii?
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Sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous mycoss
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What is the lifecycle of Sporothrix schenckii?
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Dimorphic fungus:
Mold at 25C Yeast at 37C |
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Where in the environment is Sporothrix schenckii found?
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Soil
Wood Decaying material Sphagnum moss - think rose gardens |
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Who are the typical hosts for Sporothrix schenckii?
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Healthy people who spend time in the outdoors.
STEREOTYPICAL: ROSE GARDNER WHO WAS PRICKED! |
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What is the pathogenesis of Sporothric schenckii?
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Innoculation into the skin followed by spread up the lymphatics
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What is the clinical presentation of someone with an infection of Sporothrix schenckii?
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Open wound on the extremities
Non-painful Lesions following the path of draining lymphatics up the extremity. |
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What is the treatment of an infection by Sporothrix schenckii?
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Itriconizol
KI |
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What are the most common endemic mycoses?
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Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitdis Coccidoides immitis, posadasii |
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What kind of disease does Histoplasma capsulatum cause? What are the symptoms?
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An endemic fungal infection, Histoplasmosis.
Short term symptoms: Fever and chills Cough, Chest pain upon inspirarion Long term: Swelling of heart lining Headache, neck stiffness High fever |
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What kind of disease does Blastomyces dermatitidis cause?
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An endemic fungal infection:
Blastomycosis, a pulmonary infection. |
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What kind of disease does Coccidioides immitis and posadasii cause? What are the symptoms?
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An endemic fungal infection of the lungs:
Coccidioidomycosis. Swelling in extremities Chest pain Cough Fever, night sweats Lumps on lower legs |
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Histoplasmosis is caused by what kind of bug?
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A fungus, Histoplasma capsulatum
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Blastomycosis is cause by what kind of bug? What are the diseases caused?
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A fungus, Blastomyces dermatitidis. Lung diseases.
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Coccidioidomycosis is caused by what kind of bug?
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Coddidioides immitis or Coddidioides posadasii
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Are endemic mycoses able to infect a healthy person?
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Yes.
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What is the morphology of an endemic mycoses?
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Dimorphic; have an environmental and tissue form
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What is the source of an endemic mycoses?
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Environmental; not a part of the normal flora
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What is the growth rate of an endemic mycoses?
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Slow
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What is the mechanism of diagnosis of an endemic mycoses?
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Serology; chronic infections can have an Ab response
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What is the immune response to an endemic mycoses?
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Cell-mediated immune responses
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What are the most common organisms to cause an opportunistic fungal infection?
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Aspergillus fumigatus and flavus
Mucor, Rhizopus species Candida albicans Cryptococcus neoformans Pneumocystis jiroveci |
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Aspergillus fumigatus or flavus causes what type of an infection?
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A moldy opportunistic fungl infection, aspergillosis.
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Mucor species and Rhisopus species cause what type of an infection?
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A moldy opportunistic fungal infection, mucormycosis
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Candida albicans causes what type of an infection?
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An opportunistic yeast infection, candidiasis
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Cryptococcus neoformans causes what type of an infection?
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An opportunistic yeast infection, cryptococcosis
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Pneumocystis jiroveci causes what type of an infection? What are the symptoms?
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Pneumocystosis.
Pneumoia. Only found in people with AIDS. |
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What type of patient is a target for an opportunistic fungal infection?
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Immunocompromised hosts:
Cancer patients Transplants AIDSers |
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What is the morphology of an opportunistic fungal infection?
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Not dimorphic - one form in tissue or the environment
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What is the normal environment of an opportunistic fungal infection?
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Normal flora of the body
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What is the growth rate of an opportunistic fungal infection?
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Easy to grow: fast and easy.
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What is the host defense against an opportunistic fungal infection?
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Neutrophils
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Cell mediated immunity is important against these two opportunistic fungl pathogens:
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Cryptococcus
Pneumocystis |
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What is the morphology of Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Dimorphic:
Mold in the environment that can be inhaled In the tissue at 37 it forms a yeast |
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What is the host for Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Healthy kids and adults
Immunosuppressed |
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What is the geographic locale of Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Mississipppi and Ohio River valleys
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What type of soil does Histoplasma capsulatum like? What type of soil normally is this?
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Soil high in nitrogen content.
Soil that birds/bats have crapped on! |
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What is the mode of transmission for Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Inhalation of the mold from the environment
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What is the epidemiology of Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Many have it,few show symptoms.
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What is the pathogenesis of Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Very similar to Tb.
Lungs->Lymph->Hematogenous to reticuloendotelial system |
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What organs can Histoplasma capsulatum localize to?
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Liver
Spleen Lymph nodes Bone marrow |
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What is the immune response to Histoplasma capsulatum?
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Cell-mediated response: T-lymphocytes and macrophages activated by interferon gamma.
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In what types of patients do you see a chronic Histoplasma capsulatum infection?
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Patients with emphysema
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In what types of patients do you see a disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum infection?
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Immunocompromised patients
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What is the distribution of Blastomycosa dermatidis?
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Similar to histoplasmosis, except that it extends north into Canada and farther east into the Carolinas.
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What is the habitat of Blastomycosa dermatidis?
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Soil
Decaying wood Near the water |
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What is the morphology of Blastomycosa dermatidis?
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Dimorphic.
In tissue forms a round cell filled with pinkish cytoplasm. |
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What disease processes does Blastomycosa dermatidis cause?
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Lung disease
Painless purlent skin lesions |
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What is the immune response to Blastomycosa dermatidis?
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PMNs
Macrophages |
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What is the geographic locale for Cocciodies immitus and posadasii?
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In the deserts of the southwest
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Are Cocciodies immitus or C. posadasii very contagious?
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Yes! If you even open the plate, the entire lab is going to come down with Coccidioidomycosis.
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What are the morphologies of Cocciodies immitus and posadasii?
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Mold in the environment
Sperules inside the tissues |
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What kinds of diseases can Cocciodies immitus and posadasii cause?
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Severe skin ulcers
Chronic uncurable, but controllable, meningitis Joint disease |
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What is the best way to diagnose an endemic mycosis?
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Antibody titers for Coccy, histo
Culture Antigen detection Histopathology |
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What drug is used in severe fungal infections?
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Amphotericin B
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What is the length of therapy for an endemic mycoses?
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LONG! Months - years.
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