Current Vaccine Recommendations For Horses

Front 1

Two types of natural immunity

Back 1

Humoral
Cell mediated

Front 2

Which involves Ag presentation utilizing EXOgenous Ag processing; MHC II molecules - CD4' and produce circulating Abs?

Back 2

Humoral

Front 3

Which involves Ag presentation utilizing ENDOgenous Ag processing; MHC I molecules - CD8 cells; Tcells, killer, helper

Back 3

Cell Mediated

Front 4

What is MALT? What Ig is ass. with it? What does it do?

Back 4

Mucosal ass. Lymphoid Ts
IgA
Interferes with binding of agents

Front 5

Describe 6 types of Vaccine

Back 5

Live - attenuated pathogenicity but replicates
Modified Live - produces proteins that can activate immune system
Recombinant - bacteria/viruses that carry AGs that activate the immune system
killed - inactivated organisms
proteins
DNA/RNA subunits

Front 6

5 ways to administer vacc?

Back 6

IM
Intranasal
Oral
SQ
Intradermal

Front 7

T/F vaccinate is a potent medical procedure ass w/both benefits and risks for the patients

Back 7

T

Front 8

T/F Adverse events. including some that are potentially severe, can be unintended consequences of vacc.

Back 8

T

Front 9

T/F The risks to animal health from non-vaccination are INsignificant.

Back 9

F - significant

Front 10

2 goals of a vacc program

Back 10

prevent dz
promote optimal patient, herd, and/or public health

Front 11

T/F Diff. patients require diff vacc and vacc programs.

Back 11

T

Front 12

T/F Unnecessary stimulation of the immune system does not result in enhanced dz resistance, and may increase the risk of adverse post-vacc events

Back 12

T

Front 13

T/F Vacc protects a population of animals by providing a level of resistance to a dz in all vacc patients.

Back 13

F - only individual patients that are able to respond

Front 14

T/F Vacc does protect every individual patient if they are properly vaccinated

Back 14

F - not all protected even if properly vacc

Front 15

T/F Dz carriers, including animals that shed the infectious agent but do not show signs of illnes, are local sources of infection for susceptible animals.

Back 15

T

Front 16

T/F Sufficient immunity w/n a population of animals is an important component of preventing high rates of dz. Programs targeting immunization of unvacc animals are critical to dz control.

Back 16

T

Front 17

3 areas that one must be knowledagable of in order to implement an effective vacc program?

Back 17

immunology
vaccinology (benefits/risks)
pathobiology of infectious dz

Front 18

Name 4 of the 6 things one should consider when designing a vacc program

Back 18

exposure
susceptibility
potential severity of dz
efficacy and safety of vacc
potential public health concerns
owner's preferences

Front 19

Only veterinarians with a valid ___ ___ are in a position to make recommendations customized to teh needs of the individual patient(s) and owner/client.

Back 19

veterinarian-client-patient relationship

Front 20

Revacc recommendations should be designed with 2 things in mind

Back 20

maintain clinically relevant immunity
minimizing adverse event potential

Front 21

What 3 vaccine-specific data does one need to make revaccination recommindations

Back 21

min, avg, max duration of immunity

Front 22

Multiple dose vacc vials must be carefully managed for 3 things

Back 22

min potential for delivering inappropriate levels of Ag or adjuvant
Optimize the potential for max potency of the Ags present
Min the opportunity for contaminatino with extraneous microbes or chemicals

Front 23

Owners should be told the __ and __ of vacc to make descisions about individual vacc selection and vacc programs choices.

Back 23

risk & benefits

Front 24

Why must one carefully evaluate labels and other info to compare/contrast available vacc products?

Back 24

USDA licensed products have manufacturer's claims about vacc performance substantiaed by a variety of testing methods

Front 25

Why is there a critical need for a more fully developed, scientifically based, and more statistically valid evaluation of vacc products?

Back 25

So practitioners w/a basis for developing vacc programs max benefits and min risk

Front 26

T/F Current adverse event reporting systems are adequate for capture, analysis and reporting adverse events.

Back 26

F

Front 27

T/F There is potential legal liability for all medical procedures including vacc

Back 27

T

Front 28

T/F There is currently inadequate data to scientifically determine a single best protocal for vacc or revacc

Back 28

T

Front 29

T/F The one-year revacc freq recommenation found on many vaccine labels is based on avg and max duration of immunity

Back 29

F - historical precedent

Front 30

T/F Revacc of patients with sufficient immuity does not add measurably to their dz resistance, and may increase their risk of adverse post-vacc events

Back 30

T

Front 31

T/F
It is currently possible to determine the immune status of a patient relative to all the infectious diseases of concern without conducting a challenge test.

Back 31

F - is NOT currently possible

Front 32

T/F Measuring serology is a good way to predict the immune status of most dzs.

Back 32

F - it does not predict immune status for most dzs; for the dzs it is a good indicator, the variation w/n and b/w labs renders the procedure generally unreliable

Front 33

What is the core vacc program

Back 33

this is intended for use in majority of animals in their practice area

Front 34

What are core vacc?

Back 34

those that protect from dzs that are widely distributed in the region, virulent, and highly infectious, thereby posing a risk of severe dz

Front 35

What 6 vacc does AAEP recommend?

Back 35

Tetanus
EEE, WEE, VEE, WNV
Rabies

Front 36

What is a non-core vacc program?

Back 36

intended for minority of animals in practice area

Front 37

What are non-core vaccs?

Back 37

those that target dz that are of limited risk to the region;
and/or represent less severe threats to infected patients,
and/or vacc benefit

Front 38

Why worry about "over-vaccinating"?

Back 38

Vaccines, including polyvalent products, should be selected to include only those antigens appropriate for the specific risk needs of the patient, thereby eliminating unnecessary immune system stimulation and lowering potential risks of adverse events.

Front 39

Describe 3 adverse rxns

Back 39

Acute bacterial/Clostridial myositis - serious, potentially life threatening
Mild-Moderate inflam response - resolve w/appropriate therapy

Front 40

Why do you ALWAYS go look at a vacc rxn yourself?

Back 40

BACTERIAL MYOSITIS
potentially life threatening
emergency situation
febrile
SEVERE m swelling/soreness
Possible Clostridial inf

Front 41

Tx of Vacc Rxn (5)

Back 41

Antiinflammatory drugs
+/- AB
Topical preparations
Cold hydroptherapy initally
Alternate warm compress