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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acetylcholine
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muscarinic agonist
used for glaucoma |
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Carbachol
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muscarinic agonist
analog of Ach-ressitant to hydrolysis by cholinesterases non-selective for nicontinic/muscarinic receptors used for glaucoma |
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Bethanechol
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muscarinic agonist
analog of Ach-ressitant to hydrolysis by cholinesterases selective for muscarinic receptor used for stimulate GI and urine - inc urination and GI motility |
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Pilocarpine
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muscarinic agonist
used to treat glaucoma and xerostomia (dry mouth) |
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Edrophonium
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AchE-I
short acting diagnose MG does not cross BBB |
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Physostigmine
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AchE-I
crosses BBB treats atropine poisoning |
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Neostigmine
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AchE-I
long acting - treat MG does not cross BBB used for post op and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention and reversal of NM blockade |
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Pyridostigmine
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AchE-I
long acting - treat MG inc tone of bladder and reverse NM blockade does not cross BBB |
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Rivastigmine
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AchE-I
treat alzheimers |
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Donepezil
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AchE-I
treat alzheimers |
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DFP
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Irreversible AchE-I
potent and toxic treat atropine and pralidoxime poisoning used for glaucoma also |
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Organophosphate insecticides
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irreversible AchE-I
must be converted to active forms....accounts for selective toxicity treat atropine and pralidoxime poisoning |
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Carbamate insecticides
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Irreversible AchE-I
treat atropine poisoning only |
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Nerve gases
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irreversible AchE-I
treat atropine and pralidoxime poisoning |
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Sildenafil
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CGMP PDE-5 inhibitor
used for ED taken 1 hr prior to sex potentil interactions with CYP3A4 substrates and vasodilators like nitrates. s/e include hypotension with a relfec inc in HR and visual problems. |
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Vardenafil
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CGMP PDE-5 inhibitor
used for ED taken 1 hr prior to sex potential interactions with CYP3A4 substrates and vasodilators like nitrates. s/e include hypotension with a relfec inc in HR and visual problems. |
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Tadalafil
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CGMP PDE-5 inhibitor
used for ED potential interactions with CYP3A4 substrates and vasodilators like nitrates. s/e include hypotension with a relfec inc in HR and visual problems. longer half life and duration. |
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Pralidoxime (2-PAM)
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Cholinesterase reactivator
antidote for organophosphate poisoning must be used within 2 hrs |
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Atropine
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anticholinergic
causes - tachycardia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, inc IOP, ingibit GI, relax bladder, ingibit sweat, dry mouth, bronchodialtion. Used for preop to reduce secretions and block vagal. antidote for AchE-I. does response relationship. |
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Scopolamine
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anticholinergic.
for motion sickness |
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Dicyclomine
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anticholinergic.
cross BBB and used to treat IBS |
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Propentheline
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anticholinergic.
antispasmodic and does not corss BBB |
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Glycopyrrolate
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anticholinergic
used for preop to dry secrestions and inhibit vagal reflexes. does not cross BBB |
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Iptatropium
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anticholinergic
inhaled for asthma |
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Benztropin
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anticholinergic
cross BBB and used for parkinsons |
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Tolterodine
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anticholinergic.
tx overactive bladder, inc HR and cause constipation and dry mouth. |
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Oxybutynin
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anticholinergic.
tx overactive bladder, inc HR and cause constipation and dry mouth. |
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Trihexyphenidyl
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anticholinergic
cross BBB and used for parkinsons |
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Epinephrine
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non-selective adrenergic agonist.(a1 = a2 = b1 = b2)
inactivated by MAO and COMT used for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma alpha constricts, beta dilates dec diastolic pressure inc systolic and pulse presssure inc HR also used for anaphylactic shock, bronchoconstriction in asthma, AV block and cardiac arrest |
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Norepinephrine
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non-selective adrenergic agonist.(a1 = a2 = b1 >> b2)
used in neurogenic shock supports BP during spinal anesthesia. |
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Isoproterenol
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non-selective adrenergic agonist.(b1 = b2 >> all others)
does not stimulate alpha receptors used to treat bronchospasm, bradycardia refractory to other treatments. |
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Dopamine
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non-selective adrenergic agonist.(D receptors > b1 > a1 >> all others)
used in neurogenic shock esp the late phase. used as a last resort in CHF |
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Dobutamine
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selective b1 agonist.
inc cardiac contractility and CO and pulse presssure used in cardiogenic shock to stimualte heart during emergence from surgery. |
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Metaproterenol
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selective b2 agonist.
used by inhalation to treat bronchoconstriction and inhibit realse of mast cells in asthmatics. |
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Albuterol
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selective b2 agonist.
used by inhalation to treat bronchoconstriction and inhibit realse of mast cells in asthmatics. |
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Terbutaline
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selective b2 agonist.
used by inhalation to treat bronchoconstriction and inhibit realse of mast cells in asthmatics. Also a prevent premature labor contractions |
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Salmeterol
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selective b2 agonist.
used by inhalation to treat bronchoconstriction and inhibit realse of mast cells in asthmatics. |
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Pirbuterol
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selective b2 agonist.
used by inhalation to treat bronchoconstriction and inhibit realse of mast cells in asthmatics. |
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Phenylephrine
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selective a1 agonist
maintains diastolic and mena BP nasal decongestant mydriatic urinary incontinence |
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Mitodrine
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selective a1 agonist
tx othostatic hypotension symptoms |
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Cocaine
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indirect acting sympathomimetics
inhibit NE reuptake local anesthetic effect |
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Pseudopephedrine
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indirect sympathomimetic
Stimualtes release of NE from sympathetic nerve endings ised as nasal decongestant and treat enuresis aslo used for stress realted urinary incontinence |
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Phenotolamine
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a1 ans a2 blocker
short acting used to diagnose pheochromocytoma also prevents excessive rise of BP after tumor surgery also prevents dermal tissue necrosis |
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Prazosin
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a1 blocker
for mild to moderate chronic primary HTN releive sx of BPH raynauds first dose phenomenon causes orthostatic hypotension Na and H2O retetion cases some tachycardia |
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Doxazosin
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a1 blocker
for mild to moderate chronic primary HTN releive sx of BPH raynauds first dose phenomenon causes orthostatic hypotension Na and H2O retetion cases some tachycardia longer half life than prazosin....better for long term HTN |
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Tamsulosin
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a1 blocker.
DOc for BPH long acting |
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Alfuzosin
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a1 blocker.
tx BPH |
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Proranolol
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b1, b2 blocker.
high lipid sol membrane stabilizing |
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Nadolol
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b1, b2 blocker.
low lipid sol good for long term HTN due to long DOA |
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Timolol
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b1, b2 blocker.
high lipid sol also used for glaucoma |
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Metoprolol
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b1 blocker
high lipid sol |
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Atenolol
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b1 blocker
low lipid sol |
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Esmolol
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b1 blocker
low lipid sol short acting |
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Pindolol
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b1, b2 blocker + ISA
medium lipid sol |
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Acebutolol
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b1, b2 blocker + ISA
medium lipid sol membrane stabilizer |
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Labetolol
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combined a and b blocker.
used for mod-severe HTN prevent reflex tachcardia caused by b blockers. |
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Clonidine
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centrally acting sympatholytics (a-2 agonist)
patch |
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Methyldopa
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centrally acting sympatholytics (a-2 agonist)
tx HTN in pg pts |
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Reserpine
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Adrenergic neuronal blocker
dec transport of NE into stoarge vesicles |
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Nicotine
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ganglionic stimulant at low doses and depressant at high doses.
can cause vomiting overdose treated with atropine |
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Pancuronium
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competitive NMJ blocker
60 min inc in HR renally excreted |
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Atracurium
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competitive NMJ blocker
10 min hoffman rxn - ok for use in renal and liver impaired |
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Succinylcholine
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depolarizing NMJ blocker
phase 1 - persistent depolarizer of cell membrane phase II - desensitization of receptors used for skeletal muscle paralysis during surgery s/e include hyperkalemia, hyperthermia and bradycardia metabolized by pseudocholinesterases 5 min duration |
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Acetazolamide
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Carbonic anydrase - I diuretic
acts on PT inhibit NA and bicarb reabsorption causes inc in Cl and met acidosis, kidney stones,dec K, sulfa allergy. helps with glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, epilepsy, motion sickness. |
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Mannitol
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Osmotic diuretic
sed in oliguric acute renal failure, reduce intracranial pressure, redice IOP C/I in HF and pulmonary congestion DEc NA |
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Furosemide
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loop diuretic
act on TAL - block Na-K-2Cl symporter used in CHF, HTN, hypercalcemia S/e include hypotension, hypovolemia, dec Na, met alkalosis, gout, ototoxicity, sulfa allergy |
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Ethacrynic acid
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loop diuretic
act on TAL - block Na-K-2Cl symporter used in CHF, HTN, hypercalcemia S/e include hypotension, hypovolemia, dec Na, met alkalosis, gout, ototoxicity |
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Thiazide diuretic
block Na-cl symporter in DCT used for edema in HF pts, HTn, dec Ca excretion, nephrogenic DI S/e include hypokalemia, met alkalosis, gout, stevens-johnson syndrome, hyperglycemia,inc LDL, dec NA |
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Chlorothiazide
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Thiazide diuretic
block Na-cl symporter in DCT used for edema in HF pts, HTn, dec Ca excretion, nephrogenic DI S/e include hypokalemia, met alkalosis, gout, stevens-johnson syndrome, hyperglycemia,inc LDL, dec NA |
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Chlorthalidone
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Thiazide diuretic
block Na-cl symporter in DCT used for edema in HF pts, HTn, dec Ca excretion, nephrogenic DI S/e include hypokalemia, met alkalosis, gout, stevens-johnson syndrome, hyperglycemia,inc LDL, dec NA |
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Indapamide
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Thiazide diuretic
block Na-cl symporter in DCT used for edema in HF pts, HTn, dec Ca excretion, nephrogenic DI S/e include hypokalemia, met alkalosis, gout, stevens-johnson syndrome, hyperglycemia,inc LDL, dec NA |
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Amiloride
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K-sparing diuretic
block na channels in LDT and collecting duct used to treat edema and HTN, liddles syndrome, cystic fibrosis. S/E include inc in K, NVD,HA |
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Eplerenone
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K-sparing diuretic
block na channels in LDT and collecting duct used to treat edema and HTN, liddles syndrome, cystic fibrosis. S/E include inc in K, NVD,HA |
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Spironolactone
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K-sparing diuretic
aldosterone antagonist usually admin with loop or thiazide to treat edema and HTN also effective or hyperaldosteronism S/E include inc in K, antiandrogen effects. DO NOT USE WITH ACE-I |
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Desmopressin acetate
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Antidiuretic
similar to ADH inc H2O reabsorption used for nocturnal enuresis and central diabete insipidus s/e include water intoxication |
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Verapamil
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CCB
reduce contractility S.E include myocardial depression |
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Diltiazem
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CCB
reduce ocntractility |
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Nifedipine
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CCB
s/e includes severe ankle edema |
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Felodipine
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CCB
s/e includes severe ankle edema |
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Captopril
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ACE-I
SE include hyperkalemia, dry cough, angioedema Do not use with K-sparing drugs and NSAIDS dec preload and afterload to dec congestion |
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Enalapril
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ACE-I
SE include hyperkalemia, dry cough, angioedema Do not use with K-sparing drugs and NSAIDS dec preload and afterload to dec congestion |
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Lisinopril
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ACE-I
SE include hyperkalemia, dry cough, angioedema Do not use with K-sparing drugs and NSAIDS |
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Fosinopril
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ACE-I
SE include hyperkalemia, dry cough, angioedema. Do not use with K-sparing drugs and NSAIDS. long acting and useful in elderly with renal insufficiency |
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Losartan
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ARB
does not cause cough |
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Valsartan
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ARB
does not cause cough |
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Digoxin
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dig glycoside for CHF
inc Mycocardial contraction - positive inotropic inc CO dec HR phenobarb and phenytoin dec dig levels s/e include arrythmias |
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Hydralazine
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Direct vasodilator
reduce afterload used in CHF |
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Nitroprusside
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direct vasodilator
reduce both preload and afterload IV only |
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Nitroglycerin
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vasodilator
reduce preload toleracne is an issue |
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Nisiritide
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vasodialtor and diuretic
inc CGMP IV only |
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Quinidine
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class 1A antiarrythmic
inc AP duration anfd effective refractory period prevent na inlfux used for supraventricular arrythmias and ventricular arryhthmias s/e inlcude AV and SA block, tachycardia, inc dig levels only IV |
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Procainamide
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class 1A antiarrythmic
inc AP duration anfd effective refractory period prevent na inlfux used for supraventricular arrythmias and ventricular arryhthmias s/e inlcude AV and SA block, tachycardia, inc dig levels IV and oral also cause reversible lupus syndrome |
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Lidocaine
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class IB antiarrythmic
dec AP duration and ERP used for ventricular arrythmias during MI |
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Flecainide
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class 1C antiarrythmic
only for refractory arrythmias aggravate CHF |
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Amiodarone
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class III antiarrythmics
used for refractory supra and ventricular arryhthmia s/e include interstitial fibrosis, gi intolerance, tremor, atazia, dizziness, blue skin |
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Dofetilide
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Class III antiarrymic
mostly for supraventricular arrythmia s.e include torsades de pointes |
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Ezetimibe
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Cholesterol abs - inhibitor
inc hdl slightly fibrates inc its availability while resins dec |
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Cholestyramine
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bile acid binding resin
not digested or abs in intestine exchange cl for bile acids |
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Colestipol
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bile acid binding resin
not digested or abs in intestine exchange cl for bile acids |
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Lovastatin
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HMG-CoA reductase - I
works in the liver BLOCKS RLS most effective s/e include myopathy and ocular changes prodrug - requires activation |
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Pravastatin
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HMG-CoA reductase - I
works in the liver BLOCKS RLS most effective s/e include myopathy and ocular changes active drug |
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Simvastatin
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HMG-CoA reductase - I
works in the liver BLOCKS RLS most effective s/e include myopathy and ocular changes prodrug - requires activation |
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Nicotinic acid
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inhibit lipoylsis
inc VLDL by enhancing LPL cinsiderabel HDL inc least expensive s/e in lcude flushing, itching, burning, elevates liver qnzymes, hyperglycemia, PUD, inc uric acid, hypotension |
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Gemfibrozil
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Fibrate for reducing cholesterol
s/e include gallstones, gi upset, displace albumin from sulfonylureas and warfarin |
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Regular insulin
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SQ
also IV in emergency as it is sol |
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Insulin lispro
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faster than reg insulin
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NPH insulin
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intermediate acting
SQ bid dosing - qam and qpm |
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Lente insulin
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intermediate acting
SQ bid dosing - qam and qpm |
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ULtralente insulin
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long acting
not sol - SQ qam |
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Glyburide
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secretagogue
stimualte relase onf endogenous insulin by closing K channels and opening Ca channels |
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Glipizide
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secretagogue
stimualte relase onf endogenous insulin by closing K channels and opening Ca channels |
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Repaglinide
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secretagogue
stimualte relase onf endogenous insulin by closing K channels and opening Ca channels |
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Nateglinide
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secretagogue
stimualte relase onf endogenous insulin by closing K channels and opening Ca channels |
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Metformin
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Biguanide
insulin mimetic effect lowers BP, serum lipids inc fibrinolytic activity and dec platelet density Causes lactic acidosis acarbose alters bioavailabilty |
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Proglitazone
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Thiazolidinediones
inc glucose transporters s/e include edema C/I in CHF |
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Rosiglitazone
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Thiazolidinediones
inc glucose transporters s/e include edema C/I in CHF |
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Acarbose
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a-glucosidase inhibitors
dec psotprandial abs of glucose c/i in IBD |
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Diazepam
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BZd
anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, anesthesia, withdrawal suppressant long acting |
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Oxazepam
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BZD
oral intermediate DOA hypnotic anxiolytic |
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FLurazepam
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BZD
oral long acting hypnotic |
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Lorazepam
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BZD
all routes intermediate DOA hypnotic anxiolytic anesthesia withdrawal suppressant |
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Triazolam
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BZD
short acting hypnotic |
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Midazolam
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BZD
IV short acting hypnotic |
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Temazepam
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BZD
oral intermediate acting hypnotic |
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Flumazenil
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BZD-antagonist
can trigger seizures particularly in epileptic pts addicted to sedatives |
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Phenobarbital
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Barbiturate
GABA long acting anticonvulsant |
