Culture In Gender

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Culture influence on gender A01

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- cross cultural studies- every society ahd divison of labour and behaviour by gender. EG food prep and childcare females in almost all. sometimes shared but in no society is it fully males. Girls socialised towards compliance boys assertiveness.

Significant variation - Mead described as cultural relativism. Berry et al looked at male superiority o n special perceptual tak in 17 societies and found superiority is only found in tightly knit sedentary societys but absent in nomadic societys.

Woen more conformist however differs across culture berry reported conformity highest in sedentary with correlation beween this sex difference and ecological index of +.78

sedentary - women stay at home while men hunt

normadic both men and women traveland hunt

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Margret Mead

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Culture in gender

study on social groups in Papa new guinia and found Arapesh men and women as gentle and cooperative; Mundugamore men and women violent aggressive and piwerseeking and Tschubuli showed role difference- women dominant but males emotionally dependant

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Williams and Best

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Culture in gender

tested almost 30,000 students in 30 different cultures using 300- item checklist. asked to decide for each adjective whether associated wih male or female- men seen as dominant angressive and autonomous and women nurturing and intrest in affiliation - universal gender sterotypes.

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crisitsm of Williams and best

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culture in gender

task was forced choice - had to select male or female- no 'equal'.

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cultural bias in culture in gender

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carried out by western researchers working in western and non-western culturea - use tests and other measures developed by western psychology- decribed as imposed etics - meaningless in culture group.