Culture

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What is culture

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Thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions of racial, ethnic, religious or social groups

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subcultures

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composed of ppl who have a distict identity and yet related to a larger cultural group

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Bicultural

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is used to describe dual patterns of identification and crosses two cultures

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Diversity

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refers to the fact or state of being different

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ethnicity

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a relationship between individuals who think they have distinctive characteristics.

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Race

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refers to ancestry as well as cultural and social characteristics however, amoung humans there is no race except the human race

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Nationality

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refers to sovereign state or coundtry where one has membership

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Religion

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system of beliefs, practices, and ethical valures about divine or superhuman pewer .

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Ethocentrism

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is the belief superiority of one's own culture and life style.

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prejudice

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is a preconcieved notion or judgement that is not based on sufficient knowledge may be favorable or non favorable

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discrimination

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refers to the differential and negative treatment of individuals on the basis of their race, ethnicity, gender or other group membership

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Generalization

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are statements about common cultural patterns, generalizations may not hold true at the individual level. leads to sterotyping

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stereotyping

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refers to making the assumption that an individual reflects all characteristics associated with being a member of a group.

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Health disparities

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differences in care experienced by one population compared with another. racial and ethnic minorities health care disparites continue to increase. Racial and ethnic minorites often experience poor acces to care and substandard qualities of care

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Culturally Responsive Care

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is centered on the clients cultura perspecives, intergrates the clients values and beliefs into a plan of care. Nurse needs to develope self awareness of his or her own culture attitudes and beliefs. examine the biases and assumption he or she holds about different cultures . gains knowledge and skills to create an environment where trust can be develope. Nurse must responds to the clients needs not vice versa

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Culture Shock

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disorder that occurs in response to tansition from one cultual setting to another.

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acculturation

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occurs when people incorporate traits from another cultures (changes of ones cultual patterns to those of the host society

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assimulation

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is the process by which and individual develps a new cultural identity.

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transcultural nursing

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focuses on providing care within the differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patterns of cultures

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Cultural compentence

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Cultural desire: desire to engage in the process of becoming socially aware.
Cultural awareness: self examination of ones own prejudice and biases
Cultural knowlege: obtain a sound education and foundation in regards to various views of ones own cultures
Cultural skills: the ability to collect culturally relevant data in regards to clients health in a culturally sensitive manner
Cultural encounters: engaging in face to face cultural interactions with persons from diverse background

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Health traditions model

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Balance of all aspects of the person, body, mind and spirit.
Consist of interrelation facets:
traditional methods of maintaining health, tradional methods of protecting health, traditonal methods of restoring health

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three halth beliefs and practices explored

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Magico-religious health belief, scientific and biomedical health belief, holistic health belief

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Magico-religious health belief

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1. Health and illness are controlled by supernatural
2. Illness is the reslut of being bad or opposing god will-getting well depends on Gods will
3. illness may be caused by spell or hex or possession by and evil spirit

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scientific or biomedical health belief

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illnesses are caused germs viruses and bacteria. Medicine, tx or surgery to cure halth problem

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Holistic health belife

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forces of nature must be maintained in blance or harmony. Human life is one aspect of nature. 4 individual aspects physical, spiritual, mental and emotional must be in balance to be healthy. in chinese culture, yin yang theroy. Hot and cold therapy held by many cultures

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Complentary and alternative therapies, five main categories

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1. Alternative medical systems. 2. Mind body interventions, 3. biologically based therapies, 4. manipulation and body based methods. 5. Energy therapies

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Providing culturally responsive care

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family patterns, communication syle, space orientaition, time orientation, eye contact, touch, nutritional patterns, biological variations, complementary and alternative therapies

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a translator

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converts written material from one language to another

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interpereter

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able to transform the message expressed in a source language to its equivalent to a target langauge

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family patterns

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Decision making, gender-role behavior, family values, naming systems

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communication style

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verbal communications, language, cultural values, interpreter,

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non verbel

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silence, facial expressions and body posture

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Space orientation

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Some ppl are nomadic, space is not owned but occupied temporarily. Western societies are tend to be more territorial "this is my space"Spatial distances can be defined as intimate, personal and social and public zones

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Time orientation

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past present and future. socioeconomic factors, Middle class=future, poorer=now.

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nutritional

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most cultures have staple foods that are plentiful or readily accessible in the enviroment. Asians it is rice. Europe may be wheat or pasta, . Religious practices=jewish kosher. buddist=vegetarian

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Providing culturally repsonsive care

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1. the learn assessment tool. Listen, explain, and ask for clairication, acknowledge, rocomment, negotiate.

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Assessment

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convey cultural sensitivity: address clients with their last name. introduce self and explain your role, be honest about lack of knowledge about clients culture and ask questions politely. use langauge that is culturally sensitive. show respect for values, beliefs and practices, show respect for the clients support people, manke a concentrated effort to obtain the clients trust

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Diagnosis

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Develope a nursing diagnosis based on un derstanding of the clients cluture

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planning

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plan care based on the holistic approach, care that intergrates the mind, the spirit, the body and cultural values of the individual.

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implementation

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implement culturally nursing care include: cultural preservation and maintence, cultural accomodation and negotioation