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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a cultural explanation? |
Tend to stress the process of dependancy as people become dependant on the state as a result of their own behaviour. |
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Who do cultural theorists blame? |
Individuals |
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How would New Right theorists disagree with the matxist view on the cause of poverty? |
New right would say the welfare state was creating a culture of dependancy wheras marxists would say the welfare state hides poverty. |
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What does Murray say about the Underclass? |
Engage in deplorable behaviour and have higher levels of crime, illegitimacy, and unemployment. Murray argues that most illegitimate children are born to women of lower social classes and that many of these have no stable figure. |
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What are the criticisms of Murrays underclass theory? |
Engage in crime bc they can't find jobs. And they're not working bc of situational constraints not bc they don't want to. Situational constraints can also affect poverty. Craine argued the development of an 'alternative career' was due to lack of opportunity not due to dependance or culture. |
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What is the new right theory by marsland? |
Welfare state was creating a culture of dependancy. Assumes that people make rational choice about the effort needed to secure rewards. People are influenced by those around them - if some people in the area aren't working others will follow them. Marsland sees inequality as a desirable feature of our society as it makes people work harder. Marsland argue welfare state are too generous. |
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What are the criticisms of the new right? |
Jordan believes welfare state is tko mean rather than too generous |
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What do cultural theorists argue? |
Argue people who are poor are in that state bc of some defeciency in themselves. |
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What are some criticisms of the culture of poverty theory? |
Everyone helps each other in the community. Kempson found little evidence of a culture of poverty amongst low income families. She found that situational constraints were more imprtant. Situational constraints are an important factors as there could be lack of jobs in the community |
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Who created the culture of poverty theory? |
Oscar Lewis |
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What was the culture of poverty theory? |
Culture of poverty is a design for living which goes on from generation to another. Individual characteristics - strong feeling of helplessness. Family characteristics - higher rates of divorce. Community characteristics - lack of participation in society. Culture of poverty tends to perpetuate poverty, some of its characteristics are likely to maintain poverty. Attitudes of laziness and resignation are passed across generations. |
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Name the cultural theories. |
Culture of poverty theory - Marsland New Right theory - Lewis Underclass - Murray |
