Cultural History Of East Asia

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Airlangga

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(1006-1045)
Indonesian King of Mataram; known for religious tolerance; 1045 abdicated throne to resume life as an ascetic

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Amaterasu

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(legend)
Japanese Sun goddess, founder of the Japanese race through her son Ninigi, and grandson Jimmu, the first emperor of Japan (Yamato)

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An Lu-shan

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(755)
Tang border commander who led the rebellion that destroyed effective rule over China

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Angkor Wat

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(1135)
Cambodian Hindu-Buddhist temple complex built by Suryavarman II, dedicated to Vishnu

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Anoratha

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(1044)
Burmese king who conquered Thailand and inroduced Buddhism there

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Ashikaga Takauji

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(1338)
Japanese general who first allied with Emperor Go Dai-go, then opposed him, creating Japan's Northern and Southern Dynasties, and founded the Muromachi Shogunate

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Ashoka

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(250 B.C.)
Indian king who converted from Hinduism to Buddhism and forced the entire kingdom to convert with him, thereby chasing Hindu aristocrats into Southeast Asia

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Asuka

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(538-710)
period in Japanese history (Tempyo period art); Sun clan; capital moved upon death of Emperor; 552 Buddhism and writing imported from Korea; 562 Mimana lost to Silla (and their chinese Buddhist allies); 593 prince shotoku, empress Suiko; 646 Taika reforms instituted (Hakuho period in art)

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Au Lac

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(258-208 B.C.)
Vietnamese kingdom with double-cropping of rice, fell to the Chinese

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Aung San Suu Kyi

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(1989)
Burmese leader, elected in a landslide, then placed under house arrest

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Ayuttaya

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(1350-1767)
flourishing Thai kingdom on Chao Phraya river, founded by King Ramathibodi, conquer Sukhothai; 1431 sack Angkor; 1684 seek French alliance, French want converts ; 1767 falls to Burma, books burned

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Bao Dai

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(1925-1955)
Vietnam's last Emperor

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Baphuon

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(1050)
Hindu temple mountain at Angkor

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Basho

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(1680)
Japanese haiku poet -frog jumping into pond

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Beijing Olympics

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(2008)
a chance for China to show its world progress, but pollution and human rights concerns loom

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Bon

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(1063 B.C.)
Tibet's native religion, founded by the legendary Shenrab Miwo

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Bonifacio

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Philippine patriot proclaims a republic on june 12, 1889; is largely ignored; 1896 Jose Rizal spearheads the Philippine Revolution, but is executed the same year

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Borobudur

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(850)
Indonesian Mahayana Buddhist temple complex

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Boxer Rebellion

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(1900)
Outraged at extraterritoriality, with passive support from Empress Dowager, The Society pf Righteous and Harmonious Fists attacks foreign railroads, Christian missions, and the Western legations; eight nations break the siege of the foreign legations in Beijing, and sack the city

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Buddha

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(500 B.C.)
Indian religious leader; Nepalese prince, Siddhartha Gautama; Four Noble Truths

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Buddhist Councils

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(499 B.C.)
established the Buddhist canon
(100 A.D.)
established the Mahayana tradition as unique from the Thervada

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Champa

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(600-1500)
Kingdom in central Vietnam, Hindu, Indrapura (Danang)

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Changjo

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(1763)
"The Coffin King" Korean Crown King falsely accused of treason, buried alive in a rice bin, posthumously entitled king

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Chiang Kai-shek

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1925 takes control of the KMT after Sun Yat-sen's death; 1926 conducts Northern Expedition in cooperation with Communists too dislodge warlords; 1927 marries Soong Mei-ling (Sun's sister-in-law); when Northern Expedition reaches Shanghai, he decides to massacre the Communists, who flee to Mao in Jiangxi, the Civil War has begun

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Choson

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(2333-108 B.C.) Ancient Korean kingdom; founded by legendary Tangun

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Chulalongkorn

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(1850)
Thai king, taught by Anna Lenowens, westernizes Siam; cedes Laos and Cambodia to France, northern Malaysia to Britian; introduces the cabinet system, western calendar, religious freedom, Thai Surname Act to reduce tension with Thai Chinese; keeps Thailand free of colonization

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Ci Xi

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(1861)
Qing Empress Dowager, 1871 Tianjin Massacre of Catholic orphanages; 1888 suppressed Guang-xu's reforms, built marble boat with funds for a modern navy 1900 instigated the Boxer Rebellion

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Confucianism

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(1500 B.C.)
Chinese thought system, revernece for ancestors, avoidance of conflict, Five Relations

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Confucius

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(500 B.C.)
Chinese philosopher, stressed "devoted obedience"

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Corazon Aquino

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(1986)
Philippine leader, led the "People Power" overthrow of Marcos

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Cultural Revolution

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(1966-1976)
Mao unleashes the power of workers, farmers, and soldiers to combat Western-leaning professional elitism

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Dai Viet

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(1010-1527)
Name used for Vietnam under the Ly, Tran, Ho, and Le Dynasties, the golden era in Vietnamese history

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Dao-guang

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(1820)
Qing Emperor, population explosion, erosion of Qing power; British begin trading opium to balance trade

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Deng Xiao-ping

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(1979)
Chinese leader, pragmatist, opened to the West

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Dien Bien Phu

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(1954)
Battle in Vietnam in which Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh defeated the French

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Dogen

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(1200)
Japanese Zen leader, founder of the Soto school, stressed gradual enlightenment (satori) through meditation (zazen), all actions a form of meditation

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Dogu

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(100-400 B.C.)
Japanese earthenware statuettes with coffee-bean eyes

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Dolmen tombs

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(900 B.C.)
Stonehenge-like tombs in Korea

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Domino Theory

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(1970)
Justification for the war in Vietnam, that if we lost Vietnam, all Southeast Asia would fall

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Dongson drums

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(500 B.C.)
large bronze drums from Vietnam

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Dotaku

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(100 B.C.)
bronze bells of various sizes buried in Japan for unknown reasons

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Dutch East India Company

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(1600-1799)
gains control of spice trade from Portugese; found Jakarta (Batavia); use Chinese as tax farmers; East Timor left independent; destry trees to prop up price of spices; use internal political squabbles to gain land from Indonesian princes

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Dvaravati

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(500-1000)
"many-gated", early Indianized Thai-Mon kindom in Chao Phraya basin

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East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere

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(1941)
Japan invades Indochina, Burma, Malaya, Philippines, installs local revolutionary leaders, trained in Japan; economic autarchy- growing industrial crops on rice land- alienates locals; peasants worse off