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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the stages of the demographic transition?
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Stage 1-- pre modern stage
Stage 2-- early industrialization and urbanization Stage 3-- Mature industrial stage Stage 4-- Post-industrial stage |
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What is the 5th stage?
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Multi-Culturalism
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What has happened to the US fertility rate?
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Decreased since 1950
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The immigrant population will have a ___ percentage in the child bearing ages.
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Larger
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The immigrant population will have a ___ birth rate.
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Higher
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What has happened to the foreign born population since 1960?
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Increased
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Where is most of the foreign born population from?
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Latin America
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Foreign born population ___ percentage in child-bearing years
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greater
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What are the implications of minority-majority?
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-Globalization
-Competitive advantage in the global economy - |
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What is one definition of culture?
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Culture is cultivated behavior-- the totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted.
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What are some manifestations of culture?
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-Symbols, slang, objects
-Rituals -Mythology -Values -Arts: music, dance, etc |
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What is cultural determinism?
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People are what they learn.
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What are opposing viewpoints of cultural determinism?
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-Human nature is malleable (humans can choose)
-People are conditioned to be what they are. |
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What is ethnocentrism?
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The belief that one's own culture is superior to others.
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What is the five-fold classification of race?
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White
Mongolian or yellow Malayan or brown Negro or black American or red |
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How was race seen in the US before 1989?
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"One drop rule"
-Race of father determined race of child |
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How was race changed in the US in 1989?
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Birth certificate policy became that the race of the mother determined race of child
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How was race in Japan seen?
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Race of father determines race of child
-Then in 1985-- if either parent is Japanese, child is Japanese |
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How was race seen in Brazil?
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Fine categories
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What is often confounded?
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Race, ethnicity, nationality
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What is one definition of race?
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Persons who are relatively
homogeneous with respect to biological inheritance. |
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What is Directive 15?
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US Office of Management and Budget standardized and suggested 5 races:
1. American Indian 2. Asian or Pacific Islander 3. Black 4. White 5. Hispanic |
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What were the 3 modifications to Directive 15 in 1997?
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1. Asian/Pacific Islander split into 2 groups.
2. Can select more than one designation 3. Term "Latino" added to Hispanic |
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____ is the study of the distribution and determinants of mortality and morbidity.
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Epidemiology
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What is prevalence?
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The number of occurrences of a given disease or condition within a given population at a point in time. Prevalence is typically expressed as a rate (prevalence rate). Prevalence rate is the number of cases of the disease or condition over the population.
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What is incidence?
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The number of new cases of a given disease or condition with a given population of persons who are at risk of getting the disease at a given point in time. Incidence rate is the number of new cases of the die seas or condition over the number of persons exposed to risk during the time period being examined.
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Neonatal mortality refers to death within first ____ days of birth
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28
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Post neonatal mortality refers to deaths between ____ and ____ of birth
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29 days; 1 year
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Low birth rate trends has ____ between 1999 and 2009 across races.
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Increased
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What is the Mortality Crossover?
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Once black people get to old age, they have higher life expectancy than whites
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What is an estimate of the number of years of life lost due to premature deaths, assuming that all persons should live to be at least age 75?
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years of potential life-lost
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_______ are activities related to personal care and include bathing or showering, dressing, getting in or out of bed or a chair, using the toilet, and eating.
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activities of daily living
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________ are activities related to independent living and include preparing meals, managing money, shopping for groceries or personal items, performing light or heavy housework, and using a telephone.
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Instrumental Activities of Daily Living
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What are the socio-environmental theories of racial health disparities?
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-Racial/Ethnic Segregation
-Risk Exposure Theory -Resource Deprivation |
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What are the psychosocial/behavioral theories of racial health disparities?
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-The Weathering Hypothesis
-John Henryism -Immigration and Acculturation -Racial Discrimination: |
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What are the biogenetic and Physiological theories of racial health disparities?
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-Genetic differences
-Biogenetic-environmental interactions -the slavery hypertension hypothesis |
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What is the theory that states a high prevalence of social or environmental health risks in predominantly minority communities lead to higher prevalence of disease and death?
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Risk Exposure Theory
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What is the theory that states racial/ethnic disparities in health status exist because minorities are more likely than whites to live in communities that are lacking the necessary infrastructure to support a healthy lifestyle?
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Resource Deprivation
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Which theory states that low income status leads to earlier health deterioration?
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Weathering Hypothesis
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What is John Henryism?
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People with higher John Henryism tendencies and low SES are more likely to be worn down and have worse health
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How does racism influence health?
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-Negative mental health outcomes
-health behaviors (smoking, drinking, etc) -perceived racism heightens coping resources and stress responses |
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What combines a person's social and economic position to determine their status within a society?
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Socioeconomic status
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What are the six commonly used measures of socioeconomic status?
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Income
Wealth Poverty Education Occupation Occupational Prestige |
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What refers to money obtained from employment, transfer programs or other sources?
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Income
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____ is income generated from a specific individual
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Personal income
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What is the sum of all income generated by related individuals living within a houshold
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Family income
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What is the sum of all income generated by all individuals living within a household, whether or not they are related?
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Household income
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What did Mollie Orshansky base poverty threshold at?
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cheapest of four food plans made by Department of Agriculture
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What is the accumulated value of all assets (home equity, savings and checking account, etc)?
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Wealth
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What is the total value of all assets minus the total value of all liabilities?
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Net Worth
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What are the 3 pillars of racism?
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Institutionalized, personally mediated, internalized
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What is institutionalized racism?
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differential access to goods, services, and opportunities
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What is personally mediated racism?
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Discrimination and prejudice
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What is internalized racism?
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acceptance of negative messages about abilities and worth
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What does racial residential segregation do?
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1. Concentrates poverty
2. Restricts socio-economic opportunity 3. Pathogenic residential conditions. |
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What is the biopsychosocial model?
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Perceived racism as a stressor that has implications on health
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What is the social causation theory?
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exposure to low SES leads to worsening of health status
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What is social selection?
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Poor health status leads to lower SES
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