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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Culture
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-a group's patterned way of thinking and giving meaning to what happens in the physical and social environment.
-system of understanding characteristic of an individual's society |
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What does culture influence?
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The way members of a group think, act towards each other and how they use the material world.
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What are nonmaterial components of culture?
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-Values
-Beliefs -Norms |
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What are material components of culture?
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-Objects
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What are Cultural Universals?
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-universal human needs
-ways of organizing to provide for human needs |
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What are some attributes of culture?
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familial attributes, linguistic, religious and spiritual attributes, etc.
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What is the culture concept first defined by Edward Tylor?
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-culture is a the complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
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How does Ralph Linton define culture?
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the sum total of ideas, conditioned emotional responses and patterns of habitual behavior which the members of a society have acquired through instruction or imitation and which they share to a greater or lesser degree.
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What is the individual oriented concept of culture?
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society's culture is a pool of constructs (rules, beliefs, values, etc.) by which the society's members conceptually order the objects and events of their lives
-private system of ideas of individuals |
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what is cultural heritage?
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that which has been made available by predecessors
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what is cultural inheritance?
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the portion of the group's heritage that the individual has effectively received or internalized from the past.
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What is propriocept, mazeway and idioverse?
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They all mean: that each individual assembles their own version of the larger culture
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In what way is culture distributive?
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its elements are widely distributed among the individual members of a society
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cultural homgeneity
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all members of a culture share all the culture's attributes
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(Schwartz)Distributive model of culture
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implies that each individual's portion of the culture differs in some way from any other
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what does Schwartz believe about cultural systems?
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it consists of all the constructs available to a society's members.
-The members are the source of culture |
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acculturation
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process by which the members of a society are taught the elements of the society's culture
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Deep layer of culture
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least apparent, cultural values influencing people's perceptions and actions
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Surface/Top layer ( most easily seen part) of culture
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customs, etc.
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Participant structured demand
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demands of instruction that are imposed by the organization of the learning environment itself.
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Scaffolding
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allow cultural elements that are relevant to the children to enter the classroom freely
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3 ingredients of effective teaching in a context of student cultural diversity
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-Personal commitment
-Knowledge of what makes a difference -Educational leadership |
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What is Sonia Nieto's definition of culture?
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THE EVER CHANGING VALUES, traditions, social and political relationships and worldview CREATED, SHARED, and TRANSFORMED BY A GROUP OF PEOPLE BOUND TOGETHER BY A COMBINATION OF FACTORS that can include a common history, geographic location, language, social class and religion.
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According to Sonia Nieto what does culture include?
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the WHAT- contents or products of it
the HOW- process, how it is created and changed the WHO- who creates and changes it |
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Why can't culture be restricted to ethnicity?
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-because there are also cultures based on socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, etc.
-people often belong to multiple cultures at the same time |
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What is cultural Capital?
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-acquired taste, values,languages, and dialects or the educational qualifications that mark a person as belonging to a privileged social and cultural class.
-does not have to be taught; learned unconsciously |
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What is social capital?
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the social obligations and networks that are convertible into economic capital
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What is the culture of survival?
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the attitudes, values, traditions and behaviors that are developed in response to political, economic, or social forces some of which may be interpreted as a threat to the survival of the culture in some way.
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What is the culture of liberation?
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the values, attitudes, traditions and behaviors that embody liberatory aspects of culture
-"human rights" |
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How does a capitalistic society (U.S.) distribute goods?
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according to capacity to pay
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How does a socialistic society (Cuba, China) distribute goods?
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according to his or her need
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What is silent barter?
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avoid face to face interaction with trading partners
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What are some cultural universals?
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-solutions to problems that face all societies
-economic system -systems of marriage and family -social control system -system of supernatural beliefs -systems of communications |
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Values
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standards by which members of a society define something good or bad, desireable or undesireable, beautiful or ugly, etc...
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What are some things that affect value?
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time, setting, place, and context
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What are some characteristics of Values?
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judgement, perception, decision making process, they are shared, important, passed on through generations, influence behavior
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What seperates values and beliefs?
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beliefs- true/false
value- good/bad |
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beliefs
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cultural conventions about assumptions (true/false), about the nature of the universe and human being's place in it
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norms
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unwritten rules through which people know they would behave in a particular cultural setting
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what is the difference between rule/laws and norms?
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norms and the consequences of breaking them are unwritten
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Rules/Laws
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written instruction that people are required to follow, if they do not, there are written consequences
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